THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A COMPARATIVE RESESRCH ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship perception. In this context, a research was conducted on students of two universities in two different countries. In the study, basic concepts such as culture, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship opportunity, entrepreneurship education perception are emphasized. Culture is a holistic formation of experienced, learned, shared beliefs and values in a society. An entrepreneur is a person who organizes a business by undertaking profit, risk and responsibility. Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is considered as a process. Entrepreneurship is a process in which previously discovered economic opportunities are transformed into new values by bringing together and transforming the factors of production for the production of economic goods or services. The study is based on the cultural dimensions classified by Hofste: “uncertainty avoidance, power distance index, masculinity vs. femininity, long-term vs. short-term orientation, individualism vs. collectivism, indulgence vs. restraint”. In addition to the conceptual relationship between entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship opportunity perception and culture dimensions, the relationship between culture dimensions and the concepts of entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship opportunity perception is also analyzed statistically. In this context, the data obtained from 800 students from two different universities in two different countries were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the reliability and validity levels of the scales used in the research were sufficient. According to the findings, it has been determined that there is a positive relationship between the dimensions of culture and culture in general and the perception of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship opportunity, and that culture affects students’ entrepreneurship perception. In addition, it was found that the students’ entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship opportunity perception and entrepreneurship education perception levels differ according to the culture they belong to.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• National Culture; Entrepreneur
• Entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneurship Opportunity Perception.

Kültür İle Girşimcilik Algısı Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Karşılaştırmalı Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, kültür ile girişimcilik algısı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda iki farklı ülke ekseninde iki üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, kültür, girişimci, girişimcilik, girişimcilik fırsatı, girişimcilik eğitimi algısı gibi temel kavramlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Kültür, bir toplum içerisinde yaşanmış, öğrenilmiş, paylaşılan, inanç ve değerlerin bütünsel bir oluşumudur. Girişimci, kar, risk ve sorumluluğu üzerine alarak bir işi organize eden kişidir. Girişimcilik ise, bir süreç olarak ele alınmaktadır. Girişimcilik, iktisadi mal veya hizmet üretimi için üretim faktörlerinin bir araya getirilerek, bir dönüşümden geçirilmesiyle, önceden keşfedilen ekonomik fırsatların yeni değerlere dönüştürüldüğü bir süreçtir. Çalışmada Hofste’nin sınıflandırdığı kültür boyutları; “belirsizlikten kaçınma, güç mesafesi indeksi, erilliğe karşı dişilik, uzun vadeli yönelime karşı-kısa vadeli yönelim, bireyselliğe karşı-toplumsallık, serbestliğe karşı- sınırlama” temel alınmıştır. Girişimci, girişimcilik ve girişimcilik fırsat algısı ile kültür boyutları arasındaki kavramsal ilişkinin yanı sıra, kültür boyutları ile girişimci, girişimcilik ve girişimcilik fırsat algısı kavramları arasındaki ilişki istatistiki olarak da incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, iki farklı ülkede iki farklı üniversiteden toplam 800 öğrenciden elde edilen veriler analize tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik düzeylerinin yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgulara göre, genel olarak kültür ve kültürün boyutları ile girişimci, girişimcilik ve girişimcilik fırsat algısı arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkin olduğu ve kültürün öğrencilerin girişimcilik algısını etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin ait oldukları kültüre göre girişimci, girişimcilik, girişimcilik fırsat algısı ve girişimcilik eğitim algı düzeylerinin de farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ulusal Kültür; Girişimci
• Girişimcilik
• Girişimcilik Fırsat Algısı

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