Adölesanlarda Akdeniz Diyetine Uyum ile Meyve ve Sebze Tüketim Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, , 152 - 159, 14.01.2022

Nural Erzurum Alim Gözde Çalışkan , Zehra Nur Beşler

https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1055497

Cited By: 2

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, adölesanların Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının belirlenmesi ve meyve sebze tüketim davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ankara ilinde lise öğrenimi gören 487 adölesan ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri; genel özellikler, antropometrik ölçümler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, Akdeniz Diyet Kalite İndeksi (KIDMED) ile Meyve ve Sebze Tüketimi Değişim Süreci Ölçeği (MSTDÖ)’ni içeren anket formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. MSTDÖ ölçeğinin bilişsel ve davranışsal olarak iki alt boyutu vardır. Verilerin analizinde Independent Sample-t test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney-U test, Kruskal-Wallis-H testi ve Pearson χ2- testi ile Spearman korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %51,5’i kadın, %48.5’i erkek öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Adölesanların %11,1’inin fazla kilolu ve %1.9’unun obez olduğu saptanmıştır. KIDMED, MSTDÖ toplam ve MSTDÖ davranışsal alt boyutu puan ortalamalarının erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Erkeklerin KIDMED’e göre %31,6’sının düşük, %55,6’sının orta, %12,8’inin iyi; kadınların ise %43,4’ünün düşük, %48,2’sinin orta, %8,4’ünün iyi diyet kalitesine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Sigara kullanan, kahvaltı öğününü atlayan, ana öğün sayısı düşük olan ve sağlıklı beslenme bilgisine sahip olmayan adölesanların KIDMED ve MSTDÖ puan ortalamalarının istatistiksel olarak daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adölesan, obezite, akdeniz diyeti, meyve, sebze

Assessment of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Behaviors of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Adolescents

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the adherence of adolescents to the Mediterranean diet and to determine their behaviors of fruit and vegetable consumption.
Methods: The study involved 487 adolescents studying at high school in Ankara, Turkey. The study data were collected by using the questionnaire form involving general characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), and the Scale of Processes of Change for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption (SPCFVC). The SPCFVC has two sub-dimensions, cognitive and behavioral. Independent Sample-t test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney-U test, Kruskal-Wallis-H test, Pearson χ2- test, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.
Results: Among the participants, 51.5% were females and 48.5% were males. Of these, 11.1% were overweight and 1.9% were obese. The mean KIDMED, total SPCFVC, and behavioral SPCFVC scores were higher among males than females (p<0.05). It was found out that 31.6% of the males had a low, 55.6% had a moderate, and 12.8% had a good diet quality, while 43.4% of the females had a low, 48.2% had a moderate, and 8.4% had a good diet quality according to KIDMED. The adolescents who smoked, skipped breakfast, had a low number of main meals, and were not informed about healthy diet had statistically lower mean KIDMED and SPCFVC scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The adherence of adolescents to the Mediterranean diet was low and moderate, males better adhered to the Mediterranean diet, and they could adapt to changes related to fruit and vegetable consumption more easily.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescent, obesity, diet mediterranean, fruit, vegetables

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization [Internet]. Switzerland: Improving Adolescent Health and Development Inc; 2001 [Updated: 2001; Cited: 2020 Apr 3]. Available from:https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/frh_adh_98_18/en/.
• Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, et al. Our future:A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. The Lancet. 2016; 387(10036): 2423-78.
• Diethelm K, Jankovic N, Moreno LA, Huybrechts I, De Henauw S, De Vriendt T, et al. Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Public Health Nutrition. 2012; 15(3): 386-98.
• World Health Organization [Internet]. Switzerland: World Health Organization; Inc; 2020 [Updated: 2020 April 1; Cited: 2020 Apr 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
• Özcebe H, Bosi TB, Yardım N. Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (İlkokul ikinci sınıf öğrencileri) Şişmanlık Araştırması: COSI-TUR 2016. Ankara: Efe Matbaacılık; 2017.
• Vereecken C, Pedersen TP, Ojala K, Krølner R, Dzielska A, Ahluwalia N, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption trends among adolescents from 2002 to 2010 in 33 countries. The European Journal of Public Health. 2015; 25(2): 16-9.
• World Health Organization. [Internet]. Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2018 [Updated: 2018 Dec 13; Cited: 2020 Apr 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions.
• Svastisalee CM, Holstein BE, Due P. Fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents: association with socioeconomic status and exposure to supermarkets and fast-food outlets. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2012; 2012: 1-9.
• Ziaei R, Shahi H, Dastgiri S, Mohammadi R, Viitasara E. Fruit and vegetable intake and its correlates among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health. 2019; 28(3): 711-18.
• Collese TS, Nascimento-Ferreira MV, de Moraes ACF, Rendo-Urteaga T, Bel-Serrat S, Moreno LA, et al. Role of fruits and vegetables in adolescent cardiovascular health: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 2017; 75(5): 339-49.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fruit and vegetable consumption among high school students: United States, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2011; 60(46): 1583-6.
• World Health Organization. [Internet]. Switzerland: World Health Organization, Inc; 2003 [Updated: 2003 August 25; Cited: 2020 Apr 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/f&v_promotion_initiative_report.pdf.
• Kant AK, Graubard BI. 20-Year trends in dietary and meal behaviors were similar in U.S. children and adolescents of different race/ethnicity, J Nutr. 2011; 141: 1880-8.
• Levin KA, Kirby J, Currie C, Inchley J. Trends in adolescent eating behaviour: a multilevel cross-sectional study of 11–15 year olds in Scotland, 2002–2010. Journal of Public Health. 2012; 34(4): 523-31.
• Zaborskis A, Lagunaite R, Busha R, Lubiene J. Trend in eating habits among Lithuanian school-aged children in context of social inequality: three cross-sectional surveys 2002, 2006 and 2010. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12: 52.
• Esposito K, Kastorini CM, Panagiotakos DB, Giugliano D. Mediterranean diet and weight loss: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2011; 9(1): 1-12.
• Mistretta A, Marventano S, Antoci M, Cagnetti A, Giogianni G, Nolfo F, et al. Mediterranean diet adherence and body composition among Southern Italian adolescents. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2017; 11(2): 215-26.
• Gur K, Erol S, Kadioglu H, Ergun A, Boluktas R. The impact on adolescents of a Transtheoretical Model-based programme on fruit and vegetable consumption. Public Health Nutrition. 2019; 22(13): 2500-8.
• Erol S, Ergün A, Kadıoğlu H. Adölesanlarda Meyve-Sebze Tüketimi İçin Değişim Süreci Ölçeği: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2016; 3(2): 106-14.
• Serra-MajeM L, RibaS L, NgO J. Food, youth, and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutrition. 2004; 7(7): 931-5.
• Di Noia J, Schinke SP, Prochaska JO, Contento IR. Application of the transtheoretical model to fruit and vegetable consumption among economically disadvantaged African American adolescents: Preliminary findings. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2006; 20(5): 342-8.
• Demirezen E, Coşansu G. Adölesan çağı öğrencilerde beslenme alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Dergisi. 2005; 14(8): 174-8.
• Aksoydan E, Çakır N. Adölesanların beslenme alışkanlıkları, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve vücut kitle indekslerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gulhane Medical Journal. 2011; 53(4): 264-70.
• Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2016; 17: 95-107.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010: Beslenme durumu ve alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi sonuç raporu. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın (931); 2014.
• Aygün Ö, Muslu GK. Vegetable and Fruit Consumption Behaviours of Secondary and High School Students. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2017; 11(4): 245-55.
• Lorson BA, Melgar-Quinonez HR, Taylor CA. Correlates of fruit and vegetable intakes in US children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2009; 109(3): 474-8.
• Lynch C, Kristjansdottir AG, Te Velde SJ, Lien N, Roos E, Thorsdottir I, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 11-year-old children in ten European countries–the PRO GREENS cross-sectional survey. Public Health Nutrition. 2014; 17(11): 2436-44.
• Sahingoz SA, Sanlier N. Compliance with Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) and nutrition knowledge levels in adolescents. A case study from Turkey. Appetite. 2011; 57(1): 272-7.
• Hadjimbei E, Botsaris G, Gekas V, Panayiotou AG. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle characteristics of University students in Cyprus: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2016; 2016(2): 1-8.
• Peng W, Goldsmith R, Berry EM. Demographic and lifestyle factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to overweight/obesity among Israeli adolescents: findings from the Mabat Israeli national youth health and nutrition survey. Public Health Nutrition. 2017; 20(5): 883-92.
• Del Mar Bibiloni M, Pons A, Tur JA. Compliance with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) among Balearic Islands' adolescents and its association with socioeconomic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2016; 68(1): 42-50.