Bağırsak Florasının Genel Sağlık ve Ağız Sağlığı Üzerine Olan Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bağırsak mikrobiyotası olarak da bilinen bağırsak florası; bakteri ve virüslerden, arkeler, protozoalar ve mantarlara kadar geniş bir yelpazede mikroorganizmaya ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. İnsan vücudunda 100 trilyondan fazla simbiyotik mikroorganizma ağız boşluğu, deri ve gastrointestinal sistemde kolonileşmektedir. Mikrobiyotanın %70'inden fazlası konak ile simbiyotik bir ilişki içinde gastrointestinal kanalda yaşamaktadır. Ağız boşluğu, insan vücuduna açılan birincil kapıdır ve 770'ten fazla bakteri türünü barındıran, bağırsaktan sonraki en büyük ve çeşitli mikrobiyotaya sahip vücut bölümüdür. İnsan bağırsağı mikrobiyotası; bağışıklık sisteminin gelişmesi, besin sindirimi, patojen mikroorganizmaların kolonizasyonuna karşı savunma ve nörodavranışsal işlevi etkileme dahil olmak üzere konak gelişimine ve konağın fizyolojik fonksiyonlarını sürdürmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Yaşamın erken dönemlerindeki mikrobiyota ve konak arasındaki etkileşimler ilerleyen dönemde sağlığı etkileyecek fizyolojik değişikliklerden sorumludur. Bağırsağın ve ağızdaki mikrobiyal toplulukların disbiyozisi otizm, astım, obezite, inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları gibi birçok otoimmün ve enflamatuar hastalık ile ilişkilidir ve immün sistemi, bilişsel fonksiyonları ve metabolizmayı etkileyebilmektedir. Mikrobiyotanın önemi göz önünde bulundurularak fekal ve oral mikrobiyota transplantasyonu bir tedavi seçeneği olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu derleme, ağız ve bağırsak florasının oluşumunu, oral mikrobiyota ve bağırsak mikrobiyotası arasındaki etkileşimi ve sistemik hastalıklar ile mikrobiyota arasındaki çift yönlü ilişkiyi ele almaktadır.

Keywords

• Gastrointestinal mikrobiom
• Diş hekimliği
• Disbiyozis

Evaluation of the Effects of Gut Flora on General Health and Oral Health

Abstract

Intestinal flora, also known as gut microbiota, contains an extensive variety of microbial organisms ranging from bacteria and viruses to archaea, protozoa, and fungi. Over 70% of the microbiota lives in the gastrointestinal tract in a mutually beneficial relationship with host. The oral cavity is a primary gateway to the human body and has the second largest and diverse microbiota after the gut, harboring more than 770 species of bacteria. The human gut microbiota contributes to host physiologic development and maintenance, including education of the host immune system, nutrient digestion, and defense against colonization by pathogenic microorganisms and influencing immune and neurobehavioral function. Early life interactions between the microbiome and human host are responsible for features of postnatal innate and acquired immune functions and physiological development that influence future health. Dysbiosis of microbial communities in the gut and mouth is associated with many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as autism, asthma, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and may affect the immune system, cognitive functions and metabolism. Considering the importance of microbiome, fecal and oral microbiota transplantation has been evaluated as a treatment option. This review considers the establishment of the microbiome, interaction between oral microbiota and intestinal microbiota and the bidirectional relationship between systemic diseases and microbiota.

Keywords

• Gastrointestinal microbiome
• dentistry
• dysbiosis

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