Polyphenols in New Treatment Approaches in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease that affects millions of people world wide. It is a multi factorial disease characterized by vision loss as a result of neurogeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors of the eye. Although the prevalence of AMD, which is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment in people over 65 years of age, is increasing rapidly, there is no effective treatment for vision loss. With current studies, although the pharmacotherapy of AMD is still not at the desired level, the course of the disease is slowed down by antioxidant treatments. The fact that polyphenols found in many fruits and vegetables have antioxidant properties as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties has been a hope for the prevention of AMD. Recently, studies have been published indicating a role for polyphenols in the prevention of AMD. Studies showing that polyphenols with strong antioxidant properties have neuroprotective effects on chronic inflammation and apoptotic pathways, in addition to direct ROS scavenging against oxidative damage, also support this view. In this review article, the role of polyphenols in the prevention of retinal diseases such as AMD and effective treatment approaches are discussed.

Keywords

• Antioxidant
• neuroprotective
• oxidativestress
• polyphenols
• age-related macular degeneration

Yaşa Bağlı Makula Dejenerasyonunda Yeni Tedavi Yaklaşımlarında Polifenoller

Abstract

Yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu (YBMD), dünya çapında milyonlarca insanı etkileyen bir retina hastalığıdır. Gözün retina pigment epiteli (RPE) ve fotoreseptörlerinin nörodejenererasyonu sonucu görme kaybı ile karakterize multifaktöriyel bir hastalıktır. 65 yaş üstü kişilerde geri dönüşü olmayan görme bozukluğunun önde gelen sebepleri arasında yer alan, YBMD’nin prevalansı hızla artmasına karşın, oluşan görme kaybının etkin bir tedavisi yoktur. Güncel çalışmalar ile, YBMD’nin farmakoterapisi hala istenen düzeyde olmasa da antioksidan tedaviler ile hastalığın seyri yavaşlatılmaktadır. Bir çok meyve ve sebzede bulunan polifenollerin antikanser, anti-inflamatuar, antiapoptotik özelliklerinin yanı sıra antioksidan özelliğe de sahip olması YBMD’nin önlenmesi için bir umut olmuştur. Son zamanlarda, polifenollerin YBMD’nin önlenmesinde rolü olduğuna işaret eden çalışmalar yayınlanmıştır. Güçlü antioksidan özelliğe sahip polifenollerin oksidatif hasara karşı doğrudan reaktif oksijen türlerini (ROS) süpürme dışında, kronik inflamasyon ve apoptotik yolaklar üzerinden nöroprotektif etkisi olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar da bu görüşü desteklemektedir. Bu derleme yazısında polifenollerin YBMD gibi retina hastalıklarının önlenmesinde ki rolü ve etkin tedavi yaklaşımları irdelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Antioksidan
• nöroprotektif
• oksidatif stres
• polifenoller
• yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu

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