Fazla Kilolu ve Obez Kadınların Fiziksel Aktiviteye İlişkin Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Türkiye’de kadınlarda obezite ve yetersiz fiziksel aktivite oranı oldukça yüksek olup girişimsel programlara gereksinim artmıştır. Bu çalışma, aşırı kilolu ve obeziteli kadınların fiziksel aktivite hakkında görüşlerini derinlemesine anlayarak fiziksel aktivite programlarına bilgi sağlamayı amaçladı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Nitel bir durum çalışması tasarımına dayandırılmış olan araştırma, Haziran ve Temmuz 2022 tarihleri arasında Antalya, Türkiye'de gerçekleştirildi. Amaçlı örnekleme ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmaya fazla kilolu veya obezitesi olan 20 kadın dahil edildi. Veriler bireysel derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak yüz yüze toplandı. Bu çalışmada nitel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve tüm veri dokümantasyonu, organizasyonu ve temaları Nvivo-10 yazılım paketi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 43,30±10,22 olup, beden kitle indeksi ortalamaları 35,57±4,63 kg/m²’dir. Çalışmada beş ana tema ortaya çıktı: sağlıklı olmak, fiziksel aktivite tipleri, teşvik, memnuniyetsiz deneyimler ve fiziksel aktiviteyi artırmak için talepler. Sonuç: Katılımcıların tamamı fiziksel aktivite yapmalarında teşvik gerekçesi olarak sağlığın korunması ve sürdürülmesini belirtmiştir. Çoğu katılımcı fiziksel aktivite olarak yürüyüş ve evde egzersiz yapmayı tercih etmektedir. Ağrı ve yorgunluk hissetme, ihmal, kültürel faktörler ve çevresel kısıtlamalar gibi faktörler fiziksel aktivite için memnun edici olmayan deneyimlerdendir. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde, fazla kilolu ve obez kadınların fiziksel aktiviteye ilişkin olumsuz deneyimleri ve talepleri göz önünde bulundurularak eğitim yapılmasının ve farklı fiziksel aktivite türlerine teşvik edilmesinin toplum sağlığı için önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Egzersiz
• kadın
• obezite
• nitel araştırma

Perspectives of Women with Overweight and Obesity on Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Aim: The rates of obesity and physical inactivity are relatively high among women in Türkiye, increasing the need for physical activity programs. This study aimed to provide information for physical activity programs by gaining an in-depth understanding of the perspectives on physical activity of women with overweight and obesity. Material and Methods: The research was based on a qualitative case study design and was conducted between June and July 2022 in Antalya, Türkiye. It used the purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods and included 20 women who were overweight or obese. Data were collected face-to-face using the individual in-depth interview method. This study used the qualitative data analysis method, and all data documentation, organization, and theming were performed using the Nvivo-10 software package. Results: The participants’ mean age was 43.30 ± 10.22 years, and their mean body mass index was 35.57 ± 4.63 kg/m². Five major themes emerged: being healthy, types of physical activity, encouragement, unsatisfactory experiences, and preferences to increase physical activity. Conclusion: All participants stated that protection and maintenance of health encouraged them to do physical activities. Most participants preferred walking and exercising at home as physical activity. Pain and tiredness, neglect, cultural aspects, and environmental restrictions were unsatisfactory physical activity experiences. It is believed that providing education on the negative experiences and demands of women with overweight and obesity regarding physical activity in primary health care services and encouraging them to do different types of physical activity is important for public health.

Keywords

• Exercise
• women
• obesity
• qualitative research

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