Comparative in vitro Study of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Activities of Hypericum calycinum L. and Parietaria officinalis L. Extracts

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to elucidate both the anti-virulence and antimicrobial effects of ethanol extracts from Hypericum calycinum L. and Parietaria officinalis L. Material and Methods: Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the well diffusion method against five bacteria and two yeast isolates involved in human urinary tract infections (UTIs). The potential of the extracts to inhibit quorum sensing (QS), was assessed using the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. Additionally, the antibiofilm activities were investigated using a microplate biofilm assay on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: H. calycinum exhibited the highest inhibitory effect at a concentration of 100 mg/mL against Candida albicans with an inhibition zone of 24.5±0.71 mm, while P. officinalis showed its highest effect at the same concentration against E. coli with an inhibition zone of 15.5±0.71 mm. Overall, H. calycinum demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity compared to P. officinalis. Both plant extracts inhibited QS at similar levels, with inhibition zones ranging between 10-12 mm. The antibiofilm effect varied depending on the bacterial species, but notably, P. officinalis extract exhibited over 80% antibiofilm efficacy against E. coli at all concentrations. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that H. calycinum L. and P. officinalis L. are potent antimicrobial agents against UTI pathogens. While their anti-QS efficacy is not exceptional, the significant inhibition of E. coli biofilm formation underscores their potential as formidable agents. Designed as a fundamental study, it highlights the promising antimicrobial properties of these plant extracts and marks the first investigation into their capabilities as QS and biofilm-preventive agents.

Keywords

• Antibiofilm activity
• antimicrobial activity
• Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Hypericum calycinum L. ve Parietaria officinalis L. Ekstraktlarının Antimikrobiyal, Antibiyofilm ve Quorum Sensing İnhibitör Aktivitelerinin Karşılaştırmalı in vitro Çalışması

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Hypericum calycinum L. ve Parietaria officinalis L. bitkilerinden elde edilen etanol ekstraktların hem anti-virülans hem de antimikrobiyal etkilerini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Antimikrobiyal aktivite, insan idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarında (İYE) rol oynayan beş bakteri ve iki maya izolatına karşı kuyu difüzyon yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından, ekstraktların Quorum Sensing (QS) mekanizmasını inhibe etme potansiyeli biyosensör suşu Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ek olarak, antibiyofilm aktiviteleri, Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa üzerinde mikroplaka biyofilm deneyi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: H. calycinum, 100 mg/mL konsantrasyonda Candida albicans'a karşı 24.5±0.71 mm inhibisyon zonu ile en yüksek inhibitör etkiye sahipken, P. officinalis aynı konsantrasyonda E. coli'ye karşı 15.5±0.71 mm inhibisyon zonu ile en yüksek etkisini göstermiştir. Genel olarak, H.calycinum, P. officinalis'e kıyasla daha güçlü antimikrobiyal aktivite sergilemiştir. Her iki bitki ekstraktı 10-12 mm arasında değişen, benzer seviyelerde QS’i inhibe etmiştir. Ekstrelerin antibiyofilm etkisi bakteri türüne göre değişmekle beraber E.coli üzerinde, tüm konsantrasyonlarda %80'in üzerinde antibiyofilm etkinliği sergileyen P. officinalis ekstraktı özellikle dikkate değerdir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, H. calycinum L. ve P. officinalis L.'in İYE patojenlerine karşı güçlü antimikrobiyal ajanlar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, anti-QS mekanizmasına karşı etkinlikleri istisnai olmasa da, E. coli biyofilm oluşumunun belirgin şekilde engellenmesi, zorlu ajanlar olarak potansiyellerinin altını çiziyor. Temel bir araştırma olarak planlanan bu çalışma, bitki ekstraktlarının umut verici antimikrobiyal özelliklerini vurgularken, bunların QS ve biyofilm önleyici ajanlar olarak yeteneklerinin ortaya koyulduğu ilk çalışma niteliği taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• Antibiyofilm aktivite
• Antimikrobiyal aktivite
• Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472
• İdrar Yolu Enfeksiyonu (IYE)

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