Two New Records for the Fish Fauna of Simenlik-Akgöl Lagoon in Yeşilırmak River Basin (Samsun-Turkey)

Abstract

In this study, two new freshwater fish species, Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 and Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859) were reported from Simenlik-Akgöl Lagoon in Yeşilırmak Basin (Samsun). Turkey has a rich biodiversity in terms of freshwater fish. Because of climate change, periodic ichthyofauna monitoring and updating of fish fauna are critical. Gambusia holbrooki, Eastern mosquitofish, is an invasive fish species and has a widespread range because of biological struggle against mosquitoes in many water sources. However, simultaneously feeding with fish eggs presents a significant threat to biodiversity. And also, Petroleuciscus borysthenicus, Dnieper chub, is a small bodied-fish from the genus Petroleuciscus with a wide range. Dnieper chub and Eastern mosquitofish were assessed as Least Concern (LC) species according to the IUCN criteria. The minimum and maximum total lengths of P. borysthenicus and G. holbrooki are 4.5 cm-5.7 cm and 2.5 cm-5.3 cm, respectively. The results of this study reveal that the existence of new fish species has been recorded for the fish fauna of Simenlik-Akgöl Lagoon, and the distribution area of both these fish species have reached a different location in Yeşilırmak Basin.

Keywords

• New record
• Yeşilırmak Basin
• Gambusia holbrooki
• Petroleuciscus borysthenicus

References

1. [1] C. R. Darwin, On the origin of species by means of natural selection: or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. J. Murray, London, 1859.
2. [2] R. L. Mayden, Wood R. M., “Systematics, species concepts, and the evolutionarily significant unit in biodiversity and conservation biology” in Evolution And The Aquatic Ecosystem: Defining Unique Units İn Population Conservation. J. L. Nielsen, editor. Symposium 17. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 1995, pp. 58-113.
3. [3] A. S. Tarkan, S. M. Marr, F. G. Ekmekçi, “Non-native and translocated freshwater fish,” FiSHMED Fishes in Mediterranean Environments, vol. 3, pp. 1-28, 2015.
4. [4] S. Ugurlu, N. Polat, “Fish Fauna of the Karaabdal Stream (Samsun-Turkey),” Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 8, pp. 121-124, 2008.
5. [5] P. Kotlík, N. G. Bogutskaya, F. G. Ekmekci, “Circum Black Sea phylogeography of Barbus freshwater fishes: divergence in the Pontic glacial refugium,” Molecular Ecology, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 87-95, 2004.
6. [6] S. Perea, M. Bohme, P. Zupancic, J. Freyhof, R. Sanda, M. Ozulug, A. Abdoli, I. Doadrio, “Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Medi-terranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in-ferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data,” BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 10, pp. 1-27, 2010.
7. [7] K. E. Abbolt, “Letter accompanying a collection from Trebizond and Erzeroun,” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 3, pp. 89-92, 1835.
8. [8] N.G. Bogutskaya, “Contribution to the knowledge of leuciscine fishes of Asia Minor. Part 1. Morphology and taxonomic relationships of Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859), L. smyrnaeus Boulenger, 1896 and Ladigesocypris ghigii (Gianferrari, 1927),” Publicaciones especiales del Instituto Español de Oceanografía, vol. 21, pp. 25-44, 1996.

9. [9] M. Kuru, “Türkiye iç su balıklarının son sistematik durumu,” Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 24, pp. 1-21, 2004.
10. [10] R. Geldiay, S. Balık, “Türkiye tatlısu balıkları,” 5. Baskı, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bornova-İzmir, 644 p, 2007.
11. [11] R. Fricke, M. Bilecenoglu, H.M. Sari, “Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species,” Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), vol. 706, pp. 1–172, 2007.
12. [12] M., Bilecenoglu, M. Kaya, B. Cihangir, E. Çiçek, “An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey,” Turkish Journal of Zoology, vol. 38, pp. 901–929, 2014.
13. [13] E. Cicek, S. Sungur, R. Fricke, “Freshwater lam-preys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2020,” Zootaxa, vol. 4809, no. 2, pp. 241-270, 2020.
14. [14] D. Giannetto D. Innal, “Status of endemic freshwater fish fauna inhabiting major lakes of Turkey under the threats of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances: A review,” Water, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1534, 2021.
15. [15] D. Turan, M. Kottelat, C. Kaya, “The trouts of the upper Kura and Aras rivers in Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae),” Zootaxa, vol. 5150, no. 1, pp. 43-64, 2022.
16. [16] E. Çiçek, S. Eagderi, B. Secer, S. Sungur, “Taxonomic Status of the Genus Sabanejewia (Cobitidae) from Kura-Aras River System (Turkey),” Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research, vol. 24, pp. 83-94, 2022.
17. [17] N.G. Bogutskaya, “Petroleusciscus a new genus for the Leuciscus borysthenicus species group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae),” Zoosystematica Rossica, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 235-237, 2002.
18. [18] S. Schönhuth, J. Vukić, R. Šanda, L. Yang, R.L. Mayden, “Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei),” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 127, pp. 781-799, 2018.
19. [19] G. Kalaycı, “Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Petroleuciscus (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) Species in Turkey,” Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 88-95, 2022.
20. [20] J. Freyhof, M. Kottelat, “Petroleuciscus borysthenicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T61395A12461180”. 28.06.2022 [Online]. Available https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T61395A12461180. en.
21. [21] E. García-Berthou, C. Alcaraz, Q. Pou-Rovira, L. Zamora, G. Coenders, and C. Feo, “Introduction pathways and establishment rates of invasive aquatic species in Europe,” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 62, pp. 453–463, 2005.
22. [22] G. H. Pyke, “A review of the biology of Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki,” Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, vol. 15, pp. 339–365, 2005.
23. [23] W. E. Walton, J. A. Henke, A. M. Why, “Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard) and Gambusia holbrooki Girard (mosquitofish),” in, A Handbook of Global Freshwater Invasive Species, New York: Earthscan, R. A. Francis, 2012, pp. 261-272.
24. [24] M. B. Cabrera, S. Bogan, P. Posadas, G. M. Somoza, J. I. Montoya‐Burgos, and Y. P. Cardoso, “Risks associated with introduction of poeciliids for control of mosquito larvae: first record of the non‐native Gambusia holbrooki in Argentina,” Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 704-710, 2017.
25. [25] NatureServe, “Gambusia holbrooki. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T202394A18232445”. July, 4 2022, [Online]. Available:https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202394A18232445.en.
26. [26] S. Uğurlu, N. Polat, Ş. Kandemir, “Fish fauna of lagoons within the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak Deltas (Samsun-Turkey),” Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 475-483, 2008.
27. [27] M. Zengin, S. U. Tiril, M. Dağtekin, M. Gül, H. Eryildirim, “Preliminary study on the status of sturgeon populations (Acipenser sp.) in the South Eastern Black Sea Coast (Kızılırmak-Yeşilırmak Basin) in the early 21st century,” in EIFAC Symposium On Interactions Between Social, Economic And Ecological Objectives Of Inland Commercial And Recreational Fisheries And Aquaculture, 2010, pp. 44-55.
28. [28] B. Yogurtcuoglu, G. F. Ekmekci, “New Records of Kızılırmak Toothcarp, Aphanius marassantensis from Central Yeşilırmak River Basin (Turkey),” Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 17, pp. 205-208, 2007.
29. [29] S. Benzer “New record of the Kizilirmak killifish (Aphanius marassentensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014) from Süreyyabey Dam Lake in Yeşilirmak basin,” Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 41-45, 2018.
30. [30] S. Benzer, “First Record of the Sand Smelt Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 in the Süreyyabey Dam Lake, Yeşilırmak Basin, Turkey”. Annals of Biological Science, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 38-42.
31. [31] M. Ozpicak, M., S. Saygin, S. Yilmaz, N. Polat, “Additional record of Anatolichthys marassantensis from Simenlik-Akgöl Lagoon in lower Yeşilırmak Drainage (Türkiye),” Aquatic Research, vol. 5, pp. 230-237, 2022.
32. [32] S. (Helli) Uğurlu, N. Polat, “An investigation on fish fauna in Lake Simenit (Terme-SAMSUN),” Science and Engineering Journal of Fırat University, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 485-494, 2003.
33. [33] N. Polat, S. Uğurlu, “Samsun İli Tatlı Su Balık Faunası,” Ceylan Ofset, 2011, 272, Samsun. ISBN: 978-605-87638-0-7.
34. [34] E. V. Romanov, S. Luna, Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859), Dnieper chub, Aug., 6 2017, [Online]. Available: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/25956
35. [35] S. Uğurlu, N. Polat, Ş. Kandemir, “First records for the ichthyofauna of Samsun (Turkey),” Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 81-84, 2009.
36. [36] S. Saygun, F. Saygun, C. Önel, “Five New Records for the Ichthyofauna of Miliç River in Turkey,” Ordu University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 7, no. 2., pp.183-195, 2017.
37. [37] M. Kottelat, J. Freyhof. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Berlin, Germany, 2007.
38. [38] G. Saç, M. Özuluğ, “Effects of environmental variables on the distribution of fish assemblages in an endorheic stream (Istanbul, Turkey),” Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 7150–7159, 2017.
39. [39] S. Ağdamar, G. Saç “Growth and feeding ecology of Dnieper chub Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler, 1859) in Şahinkaya Reservoir, an artificial water body of an island ecosystem (Gökçeada, Turkey),” Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 76-85, 2022.
40. [40] S. Uğurlu, N. Polat, “Exotic fish species inhabiting in freshwater sources within the province of Samsun,” Journal of Fisheries Sci., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 139–151, 2007.
41. [41] C. Alcaraz, E. Garc ́ıa-Berthou, “Life history variation of an invasive fish (Gambusia holbrooki) along a salinity gradient,” Biological Conservation, vol. 139, pp. 83-92, 2007.