Dealing with Aspects of Performance and Environmental Impact of Aircraft Engine with Thermodynamic Metrics

Abstract

The limited energy source indicates the necessity of efficient energy consumption in every field of life. Especially, the prompt growth in aviation sector makes this issue more important. In this study, effects of power settings on several thermodynamic indicators regarding low by-pass turbofan engine (LBP-TFE) are investigated. For this aim, the energy and exergy analyses are implemented to the system of turbofan engine for eighteen operating points. According to performance analysis, thrust value of the LBP-TFE changes from 10.77 kN to 71.8 kN throughout RPM values. According to exergetic findings, relative exergy losses from Fan outlet decreases from 52.34 % to 30.58 % whereas exergy efficiency of the LBP-TFE increases from 10.9 % to 30.1 %. Considering improved exergy efficiency, it changes 25.03 % and 41.03 % at the same RPM intervals. As for environmental assessments, environmental effect factor (EEF) of LBP-TFE diminishes from 5.8 to 1.32 while ecological effect factor decreases from 9.16 to 3.31. Finally, specific irreversibility production of LBP-TFE decreases from 0.4811 MW/kN and 0.2716 MW/kN. Considering these outcomes, behaviour of the investigated metrics regarding main components is different from each other. Therefore, the results of these parameters calculated for the whole engine could help understanding optimum running point in terms of exergetic and environmental sustainability.

Keywords

• Low by-pass turbofan
• ecological effect factor
• environmental effect factor
• exergy

References

1. [1] H.Y. Akdeniz, O. Balli. ''Effects of Bypass Ratio Change Trend on Performance in a Military Aircraft Turbofan Engine With Comparative Assessment''. Journal of Energy Resources Technology. vol.143 no.12, pp. 120905, 2021.
2. [2] https://www.icao.int/sustainability/pages /factsfigures.aspx. (Last accessed 05 11 2022)
3. [3] K. Kayaalp, S. Metlek, S. Ekici, Y. Sohret. ''Developing a model for prediction of the combustion performance and emissions of a turboprop engine using the long short-term memory method''.Fuel. vol.302, pp. 121202, 2021.
4. [4] M. Z. Sogut. ''New approach for assessment of environmental effects based on entropy optimization of jet engine''.Energy. vol.234, pp. 121250, 2021.
5. [5] A. Dinc, I. Elbadawy. ''Global warming potential optimization of a turbofan powered unmanned aerial vehicle during surveillance mission'' . Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. vol.85: pp. 102472, 2020.
6. [6] O. Balli. ''Advanced exergy analyses of an aircraft turboprop engine (TPE)''.Energy. vol.124, pp. 599-612, 2017.
7. [7] A. Dinc, H. Caliskan, S. Ekici, Y. Sohret. ''Thermodynamic-based environmental and enviroeconomic assessments of a turboprop engine used for freight aircrafts under different flight phases''.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. vol.147 no.22, pp. 12693-12707, 2022.
8. [8] H. Tuzcu, Y. Sohret, H. Caliskan. ''Energy, environment and enviroeconomic analyses and assessments of the turbofan engine used in aviation industry''.Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. vol.40 no.3,pp. e13547, 2020.

9. [9] O. Turan. ''An exergy way to quantify sustainability metrics for a high bypass turbofan engine''.Energy. vol.86, pp. 722-736, 2015.
10. [10] O. Balli, S. Ekici, T.H. Karakoc. ''TF33 Turbofan engine in every respect: Performance, environmental, and sustainability assessment''. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. vol.40 no.3, pp. e13578, 2021.
11. [11] A. Dinc, Y. Sohret, S. Ekici. ''Exergy analysis of a three-spool turboprop engine during the flight of a cargo aircraft''.Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology.vol.92 no.10,pp.1495-1503, 2020.
12. [12] O. Balli, H. Caliskan. ''Turbofan engine performances from aviation, thermodynamic and environmental perspectives''.Energy. vol.232, pp. 121031, 2021.
13. [13] https://prattwhitney.com/products-and-services/products/commercial-engines/jt8d. (Last accessed 09 11 2022)
14. [14] O. Turan, H. Aydin. ''Exergy-based sustainability analysis of a low-bypass turbofan engine: A case study for JT8D''. Energy Procedia. vol.95, pp. 499-506, 2016.
15. [15] https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/env ironment/icao-aircraft-engine-emissions-databank. (Last accessed 01 12 2022)
16. [16] J. D. Mattingly, Elements of propulsion: gas turbines and rockets. 2006: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
17. [17] A. F. El-Sayed, Aircraft propulsion and gas turbine engines. 2008: CRC press.
18. [18] O. Balli, H. Caliskan. ''On-design and off-design operation performance assessmentsof an aero turboprop engine used on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in terms of aviation, thermodynamic, environmental and sustainability perspectives''. Energy Conversion and Management. vol.243, pp. 114403, 2021.
19. [19] H. Aygun, O. Turan. ''Exergetic sustainability off-design analysis of variable-cycle aero-engine in various bypass modes''. Energy. vol.195, pp. 117008, 2020.
20. [20] Y. A. Cengel, M. A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 6th Editon (SI Units). 2007: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York.
21. [21] T. J. Kotas, The exergy method of thermal plant analysis. 1995: Krieger.
22. [22] H. Aygun. ''Investigation of effects of several design parameters on exergo-sustainability metrics for twin-spool turbojet engine at different flight conditions''. International Journal of Exergy. vol.37 no.2, pp. 200-213, 2022.
23. [23] H. Aygun. ''Thermodynamic and environmental considerations of small turbojet engine under different design variables''.Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1985019
24. [24] W. Van Gool, ''Energy Policy: Fairy Tales and Factualities''. Innovation and Technology — Strategies and Policies, O.D.D. Soares, A.M. da Cruz, G.C. Pereira, I.M.R.T. Soares, and A.J.P.S. Reis, Editors., Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht. 1997, pp. 93-105.
25. [25] O. Balli. ''Exergy modeling for evaluating sustainability level of a high by-pass turbofan engine used on commercial aircrafts''. Applied Thermal Engineering. vol.12, pp. 138-155, 2017.
26. [26] G. P. Hammond. ''Energy and sustainability in a complex world: Reflections on the ideas of Howard T. Odum''.International Journal of Energy Research. vol.31 no.12, pp. 1105-1130, 2007.
27. [27] H. Aydin, O. Turan, T. H. Karakoc, A. Midilli. ''Exergetic sustainability indicators as a tool in commercial aircraft: a case study for a turbofan engine''.International journal of green energy. vol.12 no.1, pp. 28-40, 2015.