Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review

Khalid H A Abushahla; Halil Arslan

doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274

Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

In radiography, effective radiation shielding is crucial to ensure the safety of patients, medical staff, and the public. Traditionally, lead has been the primary shielding material due to its high atomic number and density, which provide efficient radiation attenuation. However, lead presents several challenges, including significant weight, toxicity, long-term health risks, and serious environmental concerns. Lead waste is classified as hazardous due to its non-biodegradable nature, potential for soil and water contamination, and difficulties associated with safe disposal and recycling processes. These issues have driven the search for safer and more sustainable alternatives. Recent advancements have led to the development of lead-free shielding materials designed to replace conventional lead-based shields. Among these, lead-free multilayered polymer composites have emerged as promising substitutes, often enhanced with elements such as bismuth, tungsten, barium, tin, cadmium, gadolinium, antimony, and molybdenum to improve their radiation protection capabilities. This study examines the potential of these alternatives to address the limitations of traditional lead shielding, with a particular focus on their development and application in medical settings. By reducing toxicity, lowering weight, and improving recyclability, these materials offer a more environmentally friendly and health-conscious approach to radiation protection.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Materials Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Khalid H A Abushahla ^*
0009-0008-4078-0802
Türkiye

Halil Arslan
0000-0001-6176-9719
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 21, 2025

Publication Date

October 27, 2025

Submission Date

July 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 29, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 29 Number: 5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA98UY65KN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Abushahla, K. H. A., & Arslan, H. (2025). Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 29(5), 602-625. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274

AMA

1.Abushahla KHA, Arslan H. Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review. SAUJS. 2025;29(5):602-625. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274

Chicago

Abushahla, Khalid H A, and Halil Arslan. 2025. “Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 29 (5): 602-25. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274.

EndNote

Abushahla KHA, Arslan H (October 1, 2025) Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review. Sakarya University Journal of Science 29 5 602–625.

IEEE

[1]K. H. A. Abushahla and H. Arslan, “Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review”, SAUJS, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 602–625, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274.

ISNAD

Abushahla, Khalid H A - Arslan, Halil. “Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 29/5 (October 1, 2025): 602-625. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274.

JAMA

1.Abushahla KHA, Arslan H. Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review. SAUJS. 2025;29:602–625.

MLA

Abushahla, Khalid H A, and Halil Arslan. “Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 29, no. 5, Oct. 2025, pp. 602-25, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274.

Vancouver

1.Khalid H A Abushahla, Halil Arslan. Lead-Free Alternatives for Radiation Shielding in Medical Environments: A Comprehensive Review. SAUJS. 2025 Oct. 1;29(5):602-25. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1735274