Bu
çalışmada, örnek yerleşim yeri olarak seçilen Sakarya-Serdivan ilçesinin
ambalaj atıkları yönetiminin çevresel etkileri yaşam döngüsü analizi (YDA) kullanılarak
belirlenmiştir. Yaşam döngüsü analizinde Simapro 8.02 yazılımı ve CLM-IA etki
kategorisi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın fonksiyonel birimi olarak
Sakarya-Serdivan’da toplanan 1 ton ambalaj atığı ele alınmıştır. Sistem
sınırları ambalaj atığının toplanması, toplama-ayırma-geri dönüşüm tesisine nakliyesi,
karışık ambalaj atıklarının ayrılması, kağıt, karton, metalin preslenip geri
dönüşüm firmalarına satılması, plastik atıkların granül hale getirilmesi ve
satılması, cam atıkların preslenmeden ilgili firmalara satılması, geri kalan
artıkların veya geri dönüştürülemeyen malzemelerin düzenli depolamada
bertarafıdır. Bu çalışmada ambalaj atığı yönetimi için 3 senaryo kurgulanmış
olup, senaryolardan ikisinde gerçek ve
yönetmelikte olması gereken oranlarda
geri dönüşüm yapılırken, son senaryoda hiç geri dönüştürülmeden düzenli
depolamaya gönderilmektedir. Sonuçlara baktığımızda, ambalaj atıklarının
depolanması en kötü bertaraf alternatifidir. En büyük olumsuz etkide tatlısu ve deniz
ekotoksisitesi ile ozon tabakasının tahribatı ve fosil yakıtların abiyotik
tüketiminde hesaplanmıştır.
[2] P.N. Pressley, J.W.Levis, A. Damgaard, M.A. Barlaz, J.F.DeCarolis, “Analysis of material recovery facilities for use in life-cycle assessment,” Waste Management, vol.35, pp.307-317, 2015.
[3] S.Nessi, L.Rigamonti, M. Grosso, “Packaging waste prevention activities: A life cycle assessment of the effects on a regional waste management system,” Waste Management and Research. vol. 33 (9) pp. 833-849, 2015.
[4] A.U. Zaman, “Life cycle environmental assessment of municipal solid waste to energy technologies,” Global Journal of Environmental Research, vol 3(3), pp.154-163, 2009.
[5] Q.Song, Z.Wang, J. Li, “Environmental performance of municipal solid waste strategies based on LCA method: a case study of Macau,” Journal of Cleaner Production. vol.57, pp.92-100, 2013.
[6] V.Koci, T.Trecakova, “Mixed municipal waste management in the Czech Republic from the point of view of the LCA method,” Int J Life Cycle Assess. vol.16, pp.113-124, 2011.
[7] H.H. Khoo, T.Z. Lim, R.B.H. Tan, “Food waste conversion options in Singapore:Environmental impacts based on an LCA perspective,” Science of the Total Environment. vol.408, pp.1367-73, 2010.
[8] S. Ferreira, M. Cabral, S. De Jaeger, N.F. Da Cruz, P.Simoes, R.C.Marques, “Life cycle assesment and valuation of packaging waste recycling system in Belgium,” J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, vol. 19, pp.144-154, 2017.
[9] S. Ferreira, M. Cabral, N.F. Da Cruz, P.Simoes, R.C.Marques, “Life cycle assessment of a packaging waste recycling system in Portugal,” Waste Management, vol.34, pp.1725-1735, 2014.
T.Chilton, S.Burnley, S.Nesaratnam, “A life cycle assessment of the closed-loop recycling and thermal recovery of post-consumer PET,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 54, pp. 1241-1249, 2010.
[11] E. Yıldız-Geyhan, G. Yılan-Çifti, G.A.Altun-Çiftçioğlu, M.A.N. Kadırgan, “Environmental analysis of different packaging waste collection systems for İstanbul-Turkey case study,” Resources, Conservation and Recyling, vol. 107, pp.27-37, 2016.
[12] T.Kise, B. Kuru, K. Demirer, B. Bağdatlı, E.B.Siper, T. Tunç, Sakarya İli Ambalaj Atıkları Toplama, Ayırma ve Plastik Geri Dönüşüm Tesisi Tasarımı ve Maliyet Analizi, Lisans Tezi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya, Türkiye, 2016.
[13] Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUIK), Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr.
[14] Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUIK), 2012 yılı için Belediye Atık İstatistikleri, No: 16170, Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=16170.
[15] ÇED Raporu, Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Entegre Katı Atık Bertaraf Tesisi ÇED Raporu, Duru Çevre Teknolojileri ve Lab.Hiz Müh.Müş.İnş.Taah.San ve Tic.Ltd.Şti, Ankara 2015.
[16] A.S.Erses Yay, “Application of life cycle assessment (LCA) for municipal solid waste management: a case study of Sakarya,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.94, pp.284-293, 2015.
[17] M. Banar, Z. Cokaygil, A. Ozkan, 2009. “Life cycle assessment of solid waste management options for Eskisehir, Turkey,” Waste Manage. vol.29, 54-62, 2009.
[18] İ.Öztürk, Katı Atık Yönetimi ve AB Uyumlu Uygulamaları. İSTAÇ A.Ş. Teknik Kitaplar Serisi, İstanbul,Turkey, 2010.
[19]A.N. Softa “Environmental and Economic Assessment of Management of Plastic Packaging Waste” M.S.thesis, Department of Environmental Engineering, DTU, Denmark, 2013.
[20] F. Mcdougall, P.White, M. Franke, P. Hindle. Integrated solid waste management: a life cycle inventory. Blackwell Science, 2nd edition, pp. 544, 2003.
[21] ASD Çevre Teknolojileri, Available: http://www.asdcevre.com/default.asp?page=urunleric&kategoriID= 26&urunID=103
The aim of this study is to determine the environmental impacts of the packaging waste management for Sakarya-Serdivan by using life cycle analysis (LCA). Simapro 8.02 software with CLM-IA impact category was used to perform the LCA. Functional unit was considered as one ton of packaging waste collected in Sakarya-Serdivan. System boundaries include collection of packaging waste, transportation into sorting-recycling plant, separation of mixed packaging waste, sale of pressed papers, cardboards, metals and unpressed glasses to the relevant companies and recycling of plastics into granulate form and disposal of residual waste or non-recyclable materials by landfilling. In the study, 3 scenarios were modeled for packaging waste management. While packaging wastes are recycled at real and the regulation rates for two scenarios, landfilling of packaging waste without any recycling are focused on the last scenario. According to the results, landfilling of packaging waste is the worst alternative. It was observed higher negative impacts in the freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, ozone layer depletion and abiotic depletion (fossil).
[2] P.N. Pressley, J.W.Levis, A. Damgaard, M.A. Barlaz, J.F.DeCarolis, “Analysis of material recovery facilities for use in life-cycle assessment,” Waste Management, vol.35, pp.307-317, 2015.
[3] S.Nessi, L.Rigamonti, M. Grosso, “Packaging waste prevention activities: A life cycle assessment of the effects on a regional waste management system,” Waste Management and Research. vol. 33 (9) pp. 833-849, 2015.
[4] A.U. Zaman, “Life cycle environmental assessment of municipal solid waste to energy technologies,” Global Journal of Environmental Research, vol 3(3), pp.154-163, 2009.
[5] Q.Song, Z.Wang, J. Li, “Environmental performance of municipal solid waste strategies based on LCA method: a case study of Macau,” Journal of Cleaner Production. vol.57, pp.92-100, 2013.
[6] V.Koci, T.Trecakova, “Mixed municipal waste management in the Czech Republic from the point of view of the LCA method,” Int J Life Cycle Assess. vol.16, pp.113-124, 2011.
[7] H.H. Khoo, T.Z. Lim, R.B.H. Tan, “Food waste conversion options in Singapore:Environmental impacts based on an LCA perspective,” Science of the Total Environment. vol.408, pp.1367-73, 2010.
[8] S. Ferreira, M. Cabral, S. De Jaeger, N.F. Da Cruz, P.Simoes, R.C.Marques, “Life cycle assesment and valuation of packaging waste recycling system in Belgium,” J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, vol. 19, pp.144-154, 2017.
[9] S. Ferreira, M. Cabral, N.F. Da Cruz, P.Simoes, R.C.Marques, “Life cycle assessment of a packaging waste recycling system in Portugal,” Waste Management, vol.34, pp.1725-1735, 2014.
T.Chilton, S.Burnley, S.Nesaratnam, “A life cycle assessment of the closed-loop recycling and thermal recovery of post-consumer PET,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 54, pp. 1241-1249, 2010.
[11] E. Yıldız-Geyhan, G. Yılan-Çifti, G.A.Altun-Çiftçioğlu, M.A.N. Kadırgan, “Environmental analysis of different packaging waste collection systems for İstanbul-Turkey case study,” Resources, Conservation and Recyling, vol. 107, pp.27-37, 2016.
[12] T.Kise, B. Kuru, K. Demirer, B. Bağdatlı, E.B.Siper, T. Tunç, Sakarya İli Ambalaj Atıkları Toplama, Ayırma ve Plastik Geri Dönüşüm Tesisi Tasarımı ve Maliyet Analizi, Lisans Tezi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya, Türkiye, 2016.
[13] Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUIK), Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr.
[14] Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUIK), 2012 yılı için Belediye Atık İstatistikleri, No: 16170, Available: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=16170.
[15] ÇED Raporu, Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Entegre Katı Atık Bertaraf Tesisi ÇED Raporu, Duru Çevre Teknolojileri ve Lab.Hiz Müh.Müş.İnş.Taah.San ve Tic.Ltd.Şti, Ankara 2015.
[16] A.S.Erses Yay, “Application of life cycle assessment (LCA) for municipal solid waste management: a case study of Sakarya,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.94, pp.284-293, 2015.
[17] M. Banar, Z. Cokaygil, A. Ozkan, 2009. “Life cycle assessment of solid waste management options for Eskisehir, Turkey,” Waste Manage. vol.29, 54-62, 2009.
[18] İ.Öztürk, Katı Atık Yönetimi ve AB Uyumlu Uygulamaları. İSTAÇ A.Ş. Teknik Kitaplar Serisi, İstanbul,Turkey, 2010.
[19]A.N. Softa “Environmental and Economic Assessment of Management of Plastic Packaging Waste” M.S.thesis, Department of Environmental Engineering, DTU, Denmark, 2013.
[20] F. Mcdougall, P.White, M. Franke, P. Hindle. Integrated solid waste management: a life cycle inventory. Blackwell Science, 2nd edition, pp. 544, 2003.
[21] ASD Çevre Teknolojileri, Available: http://www.asdcevre.com/default.asp?page=urunleric&kategoriID= 26&urunID=103
Erses Yay, A. S. (2017). The use of life cycle analysis on the packaging waste management. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 21(5), 1008-1017. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.300851
AMA
Erses Yay AS. The use of life cycle analysis on the packaging waste management. SAUJS. October 2017;21(5):1008-1017. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.300851
Chicago
Erses Yay, Aliye Suna. “The Use of Life Cycle Analysis on the Packaging Waste Management”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21, no. 5 (October 2017): 1008-17. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.300851.
EndNote
Erses Yay AS (October 1, 2017) The use of life cycle analysis on the packaging waste management. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21 5 1008–1017.
IEEE
A. S. Erses Yay, “The use of life cycle analysis on the packaging waste management”, SAUJS, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1008–1017, 2017, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.300851.
ISNAD
Erses Yay, Aliye Suna. “The Use of Life Cycle Analysis on the Packaging Waste Management”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21/5 (October 2017), 1008-1017. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.300851.
JAMA
Erses Yay AS. The use of life cycle analysis on the packaging waste management. SAUJS. 2017;21:1008–1017.
MLA
Erses Yay, Aliye Suna. “The Use of Life Cycle Analysis on the Packaging Waste Management”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 21, no. 5, 2017, pp. 1008-17, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.300851.
Vancouver
Erses Yay AS. The use of life cycle analysis on the packaging waste management. SAUJS. 2017;21(5):1008-17.