Investigation of minimization and reusablility of the reject from electrodialysis processes: an example textile wastewater

Abstract

Membarane processes are widely used in both drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment. This method is separation process, in the most general sense, rather than treatment. In the meantime, it is not possible to avoid reject formation. For this reason, the biggest problem is the extra effort required to remove the reject from the membrane processes. In this case, the use of new membrane processes and new operation methods are needed. For this reason, at the first stage, textile wastewater were treated by classical electrodialysis (CED) process. 10% (1 L wastewater / 0.1 L rejected portion) of the concentrate stream was generated from this process. Utilizing the reject, 15 L of wastewater treatment was realized. At this point, the concentrate stream can be reduced to 0.67%. Likewise, in the bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process, when the initial solution of anolite and catholyte was placed as a 0.1L initial solution, the reject flow (20 L wastewater, 0.1 L anolite, 0.1 L catholyte) could be reduced to 1%. In this study, it was observed that the reject stream could be used repeatedly and minimized in the electrodialysis processes. At the same time, mixed acidic and alkaline solutions with pH value of 0,32 M H+ and 0,38 M OH- value were obtained by BMED process. According to the initial values, 47.5 times (0.38 / 0.008) and (0.32 / 0.009) 35.6 times more concentrated alkaine and acidic solutions were obtained

Keywords

• Membrane processes,electrodialysis,reject,bipolar membrane electrodialysis,acid-base rexovery

Elektrodiyaliz proseslerinden kaynaklanan konsantre akımın minimizasyonu ve yeniden kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesi: Tekstil atıksuyu örneği

Abstract

 Membran prosesler hem içme suyu arıtımında hem de atıksu arıtımında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu arıtım yöntemi en genel anlamda arıtımdan ziyade bir ayırma prosesidir. Yalnız bu arada da konsantre oluşumunun önüne geçmek mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu nedenden ötürü en büyük problem olarak membran proseslerden kaynaklanan konsantre kısmın arıtımı için de ekstra çaba sarf edilmektedir.  Bu durumda yeni membran proseslerin kullanımına ve yeni çalışma metotlarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu nedenle ilk olarak klasik elektrodiyaliz (KED) prosesi ile çalışılmıştır. Bu proseste oluşan konsantre akım oranı %10 (1L atıksu /0,1 L konsantre kısım), konsantre akım tekrar tekrar kullanılarak 15 L atıksu arıtımı gerçekleştirilmiş ve konsantre akım  %0,67 oranına kadar indirgenebilmiştir. Benzer şekilde bipolar membranlı elektrodiyaliz (BMED) prosesinde de anolit ve katolit olarak 0,1L başlangıç çözeltisi konulduğunda tekrarlı arıtım sonucunda konsantre akım(20 L atıksu, 0,1 L anolit,0,1 L katolit) %1 seviyelerine kadar indirgenebilmiştir. Bu çalışmada konsantre akımın elektrodiyaliz proseslerinde tekrar tekrar kullanılabileceği ve minimize edilebileceği görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda BMED prosesi ile  PH değeri 0,32 M H+  ve 0,38 M OH- değerine sahip karışık asidik ve alkali çözeltiler elde edilmiştir. Başlangıç değerlerine bakıldığında 47,5 kat (0,38/0,008) ve (0,32/0,009)  35,6 kat daha yoğun alkali ve asidik çözeltiler elde edilebilmiştir.

Keywords

• Membran Prosesler,elektrodiyaliz,konsantre akım,bipolar membran elektrodiyaliz,ast-baz ger,kazanımı

References

1. Water Environment Federation,” 1.Introductio,” in Membrane Systems for Wastewater Ttreatment, 1.st ed., New York.Mc.Graw-Hill, 1994, pp. 2-10
2. M.E. Malack, N.M. Rahman,”Treatment of refinery wastewater using membrane processes”. Editors: K. Mohanty, K. Mihir, K Purkait, Membrane Technologies and Applications, 120-129, Boca Raton, New York, CRC Press, 2011, ch.7, pp-121-129.
3. Y. Shui, L. Yan, C.B. Xiang, L.J. Hong,“Treatment of oily wastewater by organic-inorganic composite tubular ultrafiltration (UF) membranes,” Desalination, vol. 196, no. 1-3, pp. 76-83, 2006.
4. P. Banerjee, T.K. Dey, S. Sarkar, S. Swarnakar, A. Mukhopadhyay, S. Ghosh, “Treatment of cosmetic effluent in different configuration of ceramic UF membrane based bioreactor : Toxicity evaluation of the untreated and treated wastewater using catfish (Heteroneuptes fossilis),” Chemosphere, vol.146, pp. 133-144, 2016.
5. L. Andrade, A.O. Aguiar, W.L. Pires, L.B. Grossi, M.C.S. Amaral “Comprehensive bench and pilot scale investigation of NF for Gold mining effluent treatment: Membrane performance and fouling control strategies”, Separation and Purification Technologies, vol. 174, pp. 44-56, 2017.
6. J. Escalona, J. Grooth, J. Font, K. Nijmeijer. “Removal of BPA by enzyme polymerization using NF membranes,” Journal of Membrane Sciences, vol. 468, pp. 192-201, 2014.
7. Y. Song, X. Gao, T. Li, C. Gao, J. Zhou, “Improvement of overall water recovery by increasing RNF with recirculation in a NF-RO inegrated membrane processes for seawater desalination,” Desalination, vol. 361, pp. 95-104, 2015.
8. X. Ji, E. Curcio, S.A. Obadani, G.D. Profio, E. Fontananova, E. Drioli. “Membrane distillation- cyristallizaton of seawater reverse osmosis brine”, Sepaaration and Purification Technology, v.71, pp.76-82,2010.

9. Guizi Chen, Yinghong Lu, William B. Krantz, Rong Wang, Anthony G. Fane. Optimization of operating conditions for a continuous membrane distillation crystallization process with zero salty water discharge,” Journal of Membrane Science, v. 450, pp. 1-11, 2014.
10. K. Kimura. H. Hara, Y. Watanabe, “Removal of pharmaceutical compounds by submerged membrane bioreactors (MBR’s),” Desalination, vol. 178 (1–3),pp. 135-140, 2005.
11. W. Tang , N.G.H. Yong. “Concentration of brine by forward osmosis. Performance and influence of membrane structure.” Desalination, vol 224, pp.143-153, 2008.
12. X.Ji, E. Curcio, S.A. Obadani, G.D. Profio, E. Fontananova Drioli E. “Membrane distillation-cyrisallization of seawater reverse osmosis brine,” Separation and Purification Techboogy, vol.71, pp 76-82, 2010.
13. G. Qin, C.C.K. Liu, N.H. Richman, J.E.T. Moncur. “Agriculture wastewater treatment and reuse by wind-driven reverse osmosis membrane technology: a Pilot Study on CoconutIsland, Hawai.” Agriculture Engineering, vol. 32, pp. 365-378, 2005.
14. United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA), “Membrane Sepertion”, Drinking Water Database, 2007.
15. Voltea, Membrane Capacitivedeionization (CapDI).[Online]. Available: http://voltea.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/402D002_Rev01_Tech-Bulletin_Technology-Comparison-1.pdf
16. G. Qin, C.C.K. Liu, N.H. Richman, J.E.T. Moncur. “Agriculture wastewater treatment and reuse by wind-driven reverse osmosis membrane technology: a Pilot Study on CoconutIsland, Hawai.” Agriculture Engineering, vol. 32, pp. 365-378, 2005.
17. F.]Ilhan, H.A. Kabuk,Y. Avsar, M.T. Gonullu. “Recovery of Mixed Acid and Base from Wastewater with Bipolar Membrane Electrodialsis – a Case Study,” Desalination and Water Treatnent, vol.57(11), pp. 5165-5173, 2016.
18. APHA ( American Puplic Health Association), Standart Methods fort the examination of water&wastewater., 21. Edition, 2005.
19. F. Ilhan, H.A. Kabuk U. Kurt, Y. Avsar, H. Sari, M.T. Gonullu. “Evaluation of treatment and recovery of leachate by bipolar membrane electrodialysis process”. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 75, 67-74, 2014.