Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinden Kaynaklanan Kokulu Gazların Arıtımında Biyofiltrelerin Etkinliklerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

 

Çalışmada büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği ve kümes hayvancılığı alanlarındaki tesislerden kaynaklanan ve amonyak içeren kokulu atık gazların biyofiltrelerle arıtılması araştırılmıştır. Biyofiltreler, düşük enerji gereksinimleri ve ilk kurulum maliyetinin düşüklüğü nedeniyle koku kontrolünde tercih edilmektedir. Bu amaçla, hayvan barınaklarının aralıklı havalandırma uygulamasının simüle edilmesi amacıyla kesikli düzenle kurulan laboratuvar ölçekli reaktörler kullanılmıştır. Konsantre amonyum hidroksit çözeltileri, hava ile sıyrılarak elde edilen amonyak/hava karışımları seri bağlı iki adet biyofiltre modülüne beslenmiştir. Filtrelerde dolgu maddesi olarak evsel katı atıktan üretilmiş kompost ve odun talaşı karışımı kullanılmıştır. Farklı yükleme oranlarına karşılık amonyağın biyofiltrelerde aerobik-biyolojik olarak oksidasyon verimi ve bu verimi etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir. Aklimasyon dönemi dahil 130 günlük süre içinde 1,32-27 g NH₃/m³.saat aralığında 8 farklı değerde yükleme yapılmış, ortalama amonyak giderim verimi % 97,2±1,8 olarak bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• amonyak; biyofiltre; hayvan besiciliği; koku

Investigation of the Treatment Efficiency of Biofilters In Terms of Odorous Gases Originated from Animal Breeding

Abstract

In the study, treatment of odorous waste gases emited from the cattle and sheep breeding facilities and

poultry farms which containing ammonia were investigated by means of biofilters. Biofilters are preferred

for odor control due to their low energy requirement and capital cost. For this purpose, bench scale batch

reactors, were used to simulate the intermittent ventilation of animal barns. Ammonia/air mixtures used as

pollution source were obtained by stripping the concentrated ammonium hydroxide via air and fed to two

serially connected biofilter modules. Compost produced from domestic solid waste and sawdust mixture

was used as a packing material in the filters. Factors affecting aerobic-biologic oxidation of ammonia in

biofilters were investigated for different loading rates. During the 130 days which including the acclimation period, 8 different loads were loaded in the range of 1.32-27 g NH3/m3.h and the average ammonia removal rate was found as 97.2% ± 1.8.

Keywords

• ammonia,biofilter,animal breeding,odor

References

1. [1]. I. Showqi, F. A Lone,. M. Ashraf, M. A. Mehmood, and A. Rashid, “Biofilters in Mitigation of Odour Pollution - A Review,” Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, vol. 15, pp.1177-1185, 2016.
2. [2]. V. Blanes-Vidal, J. Baelum, E. S. Nadimi, P. Lofstrom, L. P. Christensen, “Chronic exposure to odorous chemicals in residential areas and effects on human psychosocial health, Dose-response relationships,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 490, pp.545-554, 2014.
3. [3]. Ö. Uyar “Biyofiltrelerle Amonyak Emisyonlarinin Kontrolü,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, 2007.
4. [4]. K. Alp, Ö. Uyar, A. Hanedar, E. Avşar, “Amonyak İçeren Atıkgazların Biyofiltrelerde Arıtılması,” İ.T.Ü. 12. Endüstriyel Kirlenme Kontrolü Sempozyumu, s.103-112, 2010.
5. [5]. G. K. Kafle, L. Chen, H. Neibling, B. B. He, “Field evaluation of wood bark-based down-flow biofilters for mitigation of odor, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide emissions from confined swine nursery barns,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 147, pp. 164-174, 2015.
6. [6]. P. Baltrenasa, A. Miseviciusa, K. Macaitisa, R. Tekorieneb, “Experimental research of odours arising during the process of biofiltration,” Energy Procedia, vol. 72, pp 64–70, 2015.
7. [7]. M. Appl, “Ammonia:Principles and industrial practice,”New Jersey: Wiley-VCH, 1999.
8. [8]. W. M. Grant, C. C. Thomas, “Ammonia. In: Toxicology of the eye. 2nd edition,” Illionis: Springfield, 1974.

9. [9]. S. S. Schiffman, B. W. Auvermann, R. W. Bottcher, “Health Effects of Aerial Emissions from animal production and waste management systems,”. Technical Note, White Paper Summaries, pp. 1-3, 2001.
10. [10]. J. Pearson, G. R. Stewart, “The deposition of atmospheric ammonia and its effects on plants,” New Phytologist, vol. 125, pp. 283–305, 1993.
11. [11]. T. Kurvits, T. Marta, “Agricultural NH3, and NO emissions in Canada. Environmental Pollution,” vol. 102, pp. 187-194, 1998.
12. [12]. C. M. C. Peet-Schwering, A. J. A. Aarnink, H. B. Rom, J. Y. Dourmad, “Ammonia emissions from pig houses in the Netherlands, Denmark and France,”. Livestock Production Science, vol. 58, no.1-3, pp. 265-269, 1999.
13. [13]. E. Dumont, L. Hamon, S. Lagadec, P. Landrain, B. Landrain, Y. Andrès, “NH3 biofiltration of piggery air,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 140, pp. 26-32, 2014.
14. [14]. K. Louhelainen, J. Kangas, A. Veijenan, P. Viilos, “Effect of in situ composting on reducing offensive odors and volatile organic compounds in Swineries,” AIHAJ, vol. 62, pp. 159-167, 2001.
15. [15]. S. B. Shah, T .J. Basden, D. K. Bhumbla, “Bench-scale biofilter for removing ammonia from poultry house exhaust,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B-Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes, vol. B38, pp. 89-101, 2003.
16. [16]. A. Armeen, “Biofiltration of odour control in livestock facilities,” pH.D Thesis, University of Alberta, 2006.
17. [17]. Y. X. Chen, J. Yin, K. X. Wang, S. Fang, “Effects of periods of nonuse and fluctating ammonia concentration on biofilter performance,” Journal of Environmental science and helth part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, vol. A39, pp. 2447-2463, 2004.
18. [18]. E. Smet, H. Van Langenhove, K. Maes, “Abatement of high concentrated ammonia loaded waste gases in compost biofilters,” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, vol. 119, pp. 177-190, 2000.
19. [19]. N. J. Kim, M. Hirai, M. Shoda, “Comparison of organic and inorganic packing materials in the removal of ammonia gas in biofilters,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. B72, pp.77-90, 2000.
20. [20]. E. Pagans, X. Font, A. Sanchez, “Biofiltration for ammonia removal from composting exhaust gases,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 113, pp. 105-110, 2005.
21. [21]. K. A. Rabbania, W. Charlesa, A. Kayaalp, R. Cord-Ruwischa, G. Hoa, “Pilot-scale biofilter for the simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia at a wastewater treatment plant,” Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 107, pp. 1–10, 2016.
22. [22]. H. L. Bohn, “Control of VOC emissions from waste management facilities, Comments, J. Environ. Eng., vol. 116, pp. 1002-1004, 1990. [23]. H. L. Bohn, “Consider biofiltration for decontaminating gases,” Chem. Eng. Prog. , vol. 88, pp.34-40, 1992.
23. [24]. R. F. Vieira, D. Lopes, I. R. Baptista, S. A. Figueiredo, V. F. Domingues, J. Vaz, H. Varela, R. F. Jorge, O. M. Freitas, and C. Delerue-Matos, “Biofiltration using natural materials from Portuguese woods for odour removal in a municipal waste management plant,” Sustainable Development, vol. 2, pp. 717-727, 2015.
24. [25]. J. S. Devinny, M. A. Deshusses, T. S. Webster, “Biofiltration for air pollution control,” Florida: CRC Lewis Publishers, 1999.
25. [26]. R. E. Nicolai, “Biofiltration of livestock facility exhaust air,” pH.D Thesis, University of Minnesota, 2002.
26. [27]. N. Furusawa, I. Togashi, M. Hirai, M. Shoda, H. Kubota, “Removal of hydrogen sulfide by a biofilter with fibrous peat,” Journal of Fermantation Technology, vol. 62, pp. 589-594, 1984.
27. [28]. Y. X. Chen, J. Yin, K. X. Wang, “Long term operation of biofilters for biological removal of ammonia,” Chemosphere, vol. 58, pp. 1023-1030, 2005.
28. [29]. D. A. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri, E. W. Rice, A. E. Greenberg, “Standard Methods, “Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater 21st Ed.,” Missouri: American Public Ass.,2005.