The Investigation of Physical Properties of Composite Fertilizer Including Boron Micro Element

Yıl 2021, , 1245 - 1252, 30.10.2021

Havva Mumcu Şimşek , Rövşen Guliyev

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.853343

Öz

Fertilization is one of the most common applications in agricultural fields for achieving high yield. Fertilizer is the important input of agriculture. Raw material costs are nearly 80% of the production costs in chemical fertilizers. Because of high prices, fertilizer usage has started to decrease. The utilization of industrial wastes in the production reduces the costs. Not only is fertilizer expenditure significant, but also the physical properties should be considered. In this study, the physical characteristics of composited fertilizer containing boron which was obtained from the reaction between the diammonium phosphate and borogysum industrial waste were examined. Under laboratory conditions, diammonium phosphate was composited with borogysum at the mole ratio of 1:1 and during this process, the solid/liquid (S/L) ratio, temperature, time, pH of the pulp and speed were 1/3, 40°C, 90 min, 5.5 and 500 rpm respectively. The moisture content, grain (granule) size, tight and loose volume weights, granular fracture resistance and the agglomeration angle of the new product including boron were evaluated. As a consequence, the grain size was in range of 3 and 4 mm, loose volume weight was 1363.32 kg/m3, the granular fracture resistance was 2.92 kg/granule, agglomeration angle was 89.9 kg/granule and Granulometric Spread Index (GSI) and Uniformity Index (UI) were recorded as 16 and 76.9. These findings were compatible with National and International Standards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Borogypsum, ammonium sulfate fertilizer, physico-mechanical properties of fertilizer, ındustrial waste

Kaynakça

• [1] F.A. Alayunt, İ. Önal, E. Aykas, “Katı Mineral Gübrelerin Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler,” 25.Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Ulusal Kongresi,s. 225-233, 2009.
• [2] C. A. Bayram, G. Büyük, “Toprak İşleme ve Gübreleme Yapılmayan Meyve Ağaçlarında Bitki Besin Elementi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi”, Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol.23, pp.1-8, 2021.
• [3] H. Polat, “Türkiye’de Kimyasal Azotlu Gübre Tüketim Durumunun ve Toprak Analizi Zorunluluğunun Azotlu Gübre Kullanımına Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Toprak Su Dergisi, vol.9, no.2, pp.60-71, 2020.
• [4] R. Hajiboland, S. Bahrami-Rad, S. Bastani, “Phenolics Metabolism In Boron-Deficient Tea [Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Plants,”Acta Biologica Hungarica, vol.64, no.2, pp. 196-206, 2013.
• [5] M. Ganie, A. Akhter, F. Bhat, M.A. Malik, A.R. Junaid, J. Shah, A.M. Bhat, A.H. Bhat, “Boron-a critical nutrient element for plant gowth and productivity with reference to temperate fruits,” Current Scıence, vol.104, no.1, 2013.
• [6] A. İkinci, Ş. Aldanmaz, İ. Bolat, “Bor ve Çinko İçerikli Yaprak Gübresi Uygulamalarının Kiraz (Prunus avium L.) Meyvelerinin Bazı Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri”, Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.8, no.3, pp.557-566, 2021.
• [7] T. Mauhammad, A. Ali, K. Amanullah Hak Lataf, “Comparing application methods for boron fertilizer on the yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.),”Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, vol.41, pp.1525–1537, 2010.
• [8] Ulusal Bor Araştırma Enstitüsü. (Boren). (2019). Bor Bitkiler İçin Neden Çok Önemli .www.boren.gov.tr.
• [9] U. C. Gupta, “ Boron nutrition of crops”, Adv. Agronomy, 31, 273-307, 1979.
• [10] Toprak, Gübre ve Su kaynakları Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü 2016 faaliyet raporu.
• [11] R. Guliyev, “Borojips endüstriyel atığının bor içerikli diamonyum fosfat üretiminde kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesi,” Bor Dergisi, ,vol.3, no.2, 87-92, 2018.
• [12] R. Yüzbaşioğlu, Üreticilerin kimyasal gübre kullanım bilinç düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Tokat Merkez ilçe örneği. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol.1, no.2, pp.452- 465, 2020.
• [13] N. Taylan, H. Gürbüz, B. Cenk, N. Bulutcu, “Sulu ortamda kolemanitin sülfürik asit ile reaksiyon kinetiğinin incelenmesi”, İTÜ Kimya - Metalurji Fakültesi, İstanbul. 2004.
• [14] M. Karadeniz., Cevher zenginleştirme tesis artıklarının çevreye etkilerinin önlenmesi. Maden Tetkik Arama Daire Başkanlığı, 332, Ankara. 1996.
• [15] T. S. Griffin, T. L. Downing, Rio Tinto Borax's pond reprocessing and sustainable development. New Developments in Mineral Processing, 9. Balkan Mineral Processing Congress. pp.319-324, İstanbul. 2001.
• [16] M. Çolak, “Etibank Kırka Boraks İşletmesi atıklarının Turgutlu killeri İle tugla-kiremil denemesi”. 8. Ulusal Kil Sempozyumu, Kütahya. 1997.
• [17] B. Kuşkay, A. N. Bulutcu, Kolemanitten Yeni Bir Yöntemle Borik Asit Üretim Prosesinin Geliştirilmesi. ITÜ dergisi, vol.9, no.2, pp.15-26. 2010.
• [18] H. Mumcu Şimşek, “Diamonyum Hidrojen Fosfat Çözeltisinde Borojipsin Çözünme Kinetiği, Optimizasyonu ve Komplex Gübre Üretimi,” Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2018, Erzurum.
• [19] J. W. Hofstee and W. Huisman, “Handling and spreading of fertilizers. Part 1: physical properties of fertilizer in relation to particle motion,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol. 47, pp. 213– 234, 1990.
• [20] P. C. H. Miller, “The measurement and classification of the flow and spreading characteristics of individual fertilisers,” Proceeding no. 390, The International Fertiliser Society, York, UK. 1996.
• [21] İ. Önal, “Ekim, bakım, gübreleme makinaları”,Ders kitabı, Ege Üniversitesi yayınları, 2006, 623s.
• [22] K. Port, J. Fulton, “Physical Properties of Granular Fertilizers and Impact on Spreading.” Agricultural and Envıronmental Scıences. United States of America, 2016.
• [23] O. Miserque, E. Pirard, Y. Schenkel, O. Mostade and B Huyghebaert, “Spreading segregation of blended fertilizers: influence of the particles properties,” Applied, Engineering in Agriculture, vol. 24, no. 2, pp.137–144, 2008.
• [24] J. Fulton, K. Port, “Physical Properties of Granular Fertilizers and Impact on Spreading. College of Food,” Agricultural and Environmental, Sciences,1-9, 2016.
• [25] D. W. Rutland, “Manual for Determining Physical Properties of Fertilizer. Reference Manual IFDC-R-6. International Fertilizer Development CenterMuscle Shoals,” Alabama, USA. 1986.
• [26] E. Pirard, O. Miserque, V. Chapeau, Physical Properties of Fertilizers, 2005.
• [27] R. Guliyev. “An investigation of borogypsum utilization for the production of triple superphosphate containing boron fertilizers,”Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, vol. 24, no.3, 748-754, 2015.
• [28] M. C. Pare, S. E. Allaire, L. Khiari, and C. Nduwamungu, “Physical properties of organo-mineral fertilizers Short Communication,”Canadian Biosystems Engineering, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 21–27. 2009.