Türkiye İnşaat Sektörünün Global Karbon Ayak izi Analizi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 529 - 547, 01.04.2018

Nuri Cihat Onat

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.311289

Cited By: 4

Öz

 Türkiye inşaat
sektörünün ekonomik, çevresel, ve sosyal etkilerinin analizi son yıllarda
önemini giderek artırmıştır. Özellikle artan inşaat, ulaşım, üretim ve enerji
yatırımları Türkiye ve dünya ekonomisine doğrudan ve dolaylı etkiler
yapmaktadır. Bu makalede, Türkiye için önemli bir araştırma boşluğunu doldurmak
amacıyla Türkiye’deki inşaat sektörünün uluslararası tedarik zincirlerini de
kapsayacak bir biçimde ilk, web tabanlı ve küresel karbon ayakizi analizi
yapılmıştır. Avrupa Komisyonu 7. Çerçeve Araştırma Programınca desteklenen
Dünya Girdi-Çıktı Veritabanı’nın ‘World Input-Output Database’ Türkiye inşaat
sektörü için ilk kez kullanılacağı bu çalışmada, Türkiye inşaat sektörünün 2000
ile 2009 yılları arasındaki karbon ayakizi etkilerini ulusal ve küresel çapta
analiz edilmiştir. Bu şekilde Türkiye inşaat sektörlerinin bölgesel ve küresel
düzlemde çevresel etkileri hesaplanarak kapsamlı sürdürülebilirlik analizleri
yapılmıştır. Önerilen modelin benzer versiyonları Amerika Birleşik Devletleri,
Avrupa Birliği, Avusturalya, İngiltere ve Japonya gibi birinci dünya
ülkelerinde stratejik karar vermede kullanıldığı halde, Türkiye için benzer
kapsamlı bir model henüz mevcut değildir. Bu motivasyonla, ‘Küresel Karbon
Ayakizi Muhasebe Modeli’ (Global Carbon Footprint Accounting Tool)
geliştirilmiş ve inşaat sektörü için kapsamlı bir analiz yapılmıştır.
Harvard’lı ünlü ekonomist Wassily Leontief’in ekonomi alanında Nobel Ödülü
kazandığı girdi-çıktı analizinin küresel modele dönüştürülerek kullanılacağı bu
çalışma, zaman serisi analizi, kapsam bazlı karbon ayak izi modellemesi,
üretim-tüketim odaklı, ve küresel etki dağılımı analizi gibi yenilikçi
yöntemlerle kullanıcılara tedarik zinciri odaklı analizler yapma imkanı
sağlamaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına inşaat sektöründeki büyümeden kaynaklı
salınımlar, 2000-2009 yılları arası verimlilik artısından dolayı azalan karbon
salınımlarına göre daha fazla olduğu için, sektörün bu yıllar arası toplam
salınımı artmıştır. İnşaat sektörünün Kapsam 2 ve 3 karbon salınımları (dolaylı
salınımlar) sektörün toplam emisyonlarının ortalama %80’nine karşılık
gelmektedir ve sektörün emisyonlarını düşürmek için tedarik zinciri ile beraber
değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda geliştirilen küresel
modelin başta bakanlıklar olmak üzere, araştırma enstitüleri ve
üniversitelerdeki karar verme süreçlerinde yaygın bir biçimde kullanılabilmesi
için web-tabanlı bir şekilde internet ortamında da sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karbon ayak izi, Türkiye inşaat Sektörü, Global ekonomik girdi-çıktı analizi, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma

Global Carbon Footprint Analysis of Turkish Construction Industry

Öz

The analysis of economic,
social, and environmental impacts (termed as triple-bottom-line) of Turkish
sectors has become a topic of considerable interest. Especially, there are
significant regional and global effects of increasing construction,
transportation, manufacturing, and energy investments in Turkey. In this study,
with the aim of filling an important research gap, Turkish construction sector,
including its supply chain, is analyzed using a web-based global carbon footprint
analysis for the first time. In this study, using the World Input-Output
Database, which is funded by the European Commission under the 7th Research
Programme for the Turkish Construction industry for the first time, carbon
footprint of the Turkish construction sector is analyzed both at national and
global scales in between 2000 and 2009. A comprehensive sustainability analysis
of Turkish construction sector has been conducted considering regional and
global environmental impacts. Although similar modeling approaches have been
used in various developed nations including United States of America, European
Union, Australia, Japan, and United Kingdom, for strategic decision making,
there is no such holistic sustainability assessment platform for Turkish
economy. With this motivation, this study aims to develop a first, web-based
global sustainability assessment platform and used for the Turkish construction
industry. Using the extended version of Wassily Leontief’s (a well-known
economist from Harvard University) Nobel awarded input-output analysis as a
global multiregional input-output model, the model allows users to conduct
novel analyses such as time-series, scope-based carbon footprint,
production-consumption based, and global impact distribution analyses.
According to analysis results, because carbon emissions due to growth in
Turkish construction sector are greater the emission reduction stemming from
efficiency increases in between 2000-2009, the total carbon emissions of the
sector increased in between these years. Scope 2 and 3 emissions (indirect
emissions) of the sector is %80 of the sector’s total and the supply chain of
the sector needs to be considered to be able to reduce the sector’s emissions.
The proposed model is disseminated through an online platform to serve in
decision-making processes in ministries, research institutes, universities, and
non-profit organizations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbon Footprint Accounting, Turkish Construction Sector; Global economic input-output analysis; Sustainable Development

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