Surface Alloying Of Titanium With Nickel By Using Cathodic Arc Based Plasma Treatment
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 5, 1181 - 1189, 01.10.2018
Nagihan Sezgin
,
Erkan Kaçar
Kürşat Kazmanlı
,
Mustafa Ürgen
Öz
In this study, cathodic arc electron / metal ion
treatment (CA-EMIT) technique was used to modify Ti surfaces in Ni cathodic arc
plasma. At this novel method, AC bias was applied to the Ti substrates. In
positive cycle of AC bias, the substrates were heated by electrons while nickel
ions were directed toward the substrate surface in negative cycle. The surface
modification processes were performed at 5 different temperatures: 1073 K (800
°C), 1273 K (1000 °C), 1373 K (1100 °C), 1473 K (1200 °C) and 1573 (1300 °C).
The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. The effect of
substrate temperature and cathode current were investigated on microstructure
of the samples. This process provides rapid diffusion of nickel into the
titanium and high diffusion depths were obtained compared to literature
studies.
Kaynakça
- [1] G. F. Bastin and G. D. Rieck, Diffusion in the Titanium-Nickel System: I. Occurrence and Growth of the Various Intermetallic Compounds, Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 1817-26.
- [2] G. F. Bastin and G. D. Rieck, Diffusion in the Titanium-Nickel System: II. Calculations of Chemical and Intrinsic Diffusion Coefficients, Metall.Trans, 1974, vol. 5, pp. 1827-31.
- [3] J.E. Garay, U. Anselmi-Tamburini 1, Z.A. Munir, Enhanced growth of intermetallic phases in the Ni–Ti system by current effects, Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 4487-95.
- [4] J. Laeng, Z. Xiu, X. Xu, X. Sun, H. Ru and Y. Liu, Phase formation of Ni–Ti via solid state reaction, Phys. Scr., 2007, vol. T129, pp. 250–254.
- [5] X. Shao, X. Guo, Y. Han, Z. Lin, J. Qin, W. Lu and D. Zhang, Preparation of TiNi films by diffusion technology and the study of the formation sequence of the intermetallics in Ti–Ni systems, J. Mater. Res., 2014, vol. 29, pp. 2707-16.
- [6] X. Shao, X. Guo, Y. Han, W. Lu, J. Qin, D. Zhang, Characterization of the diffusion bonding behavior of pure Ti and Ni with different surface roughness during hot pressing, Mater. Des., 2015, vol. 65, pp. 1001–10.
- [7] P. Novák, L. Mejzlíková, A. Michalcová, J. Capek, P. Beran, D. Vojtech, Effect of SHS conditions on microstructure of NiTi shape memory alloy, Intermetallics, 2013, vol. 42, pp. 85-91.
- [8] P. Novák, P.Pokorný, V. Vojtech, A. Knaislova, A. Skolakova, J. Capek, M. Karlík, J. Kopecek, Formation of Ni-Ti intermetallics during reactive sintering at 500-650 °C, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2015, vol. 155, pp. 113-121.
- [9] A. Elrefaey, L. Wojarski, J. Janzcak-Rusch and W. Tillmann, Vacuum brazing titanium using thin nickel layer deposited by PVD technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 565, pp. 180-186.
- [10] I. Rampin, K. Brunelli, M. Dabalà, M. Magrini, Effect of diffusion of Ni and B on the microstructure and hardness of Ti Cp, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, vol. 48, pp. 1246–53.
- [11] D.Y. Li, A new type of wear-resistant material: pseudo-elastic TiNi alloy, Wear, 1998, vol. 22, pp. 1116–23.
- [12] H.Hiraga, T. Inoue, H. Shimura, A. Matsunawa, Cavitation erosion mechanism of NiTi coatings made by laser plasma hybrid spraying, Wear, 1999, vol. 231, pp. 272-278.
- [13] F. Gao and H.M. Wang, Dry sliding wear property of a laser melting/deposited Ti2Ni/TiNi intermetallic alloy, Intermetallics, 2008, vol. 16, pp. 202-208.
- [14] Murray J. L., ASM Handbook vol. 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM International, USA, 1992, pp. 319.
- [15] S. Oncel, Production of NiAl thermal barrier bond coats by cathodic arc aluminium plasma treatment, Doctoral Dissertation, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, Turkey, 2012.
- [16] S. Oncel and M. Urgen, Method for controlled production of diffusion based coatings by vacuum cathodic arc systems, Patent, EP 2829635 A1, Jan 28, 2015.
- [17] J. L. Vossen and W. Kern, Thin Film Processes II, Gulf Publishing, San Diego-CA, 1991, pp. 210-218.
- [18] S. M. Rossnagel, J. J. Cuomo, W. D. Westwood, Handbook of plasma processing technology, Noyes Publication, New Jersey, 1990, pp. 419-430.
- [19] J. Vetter and A. J. Perry, Advances in cathodic arc technology using electrons extracted from the vacuum arc, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1993, vol. 61, pp. 305-309.
- [20] T. Turutoglu, Alloying of titanium surfaces by cathodic arc aluminum plasma, Doctoral Dissertation, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, Turkey, 2013.
- [21] V.I. Nizhenko, Free surface energy as a criterion for the sequence of intermetallic layer formation in reaction couples, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 2004, vol. 43, pp. 273-279.
- [22] S. Kundu and S. Chatterjee, Characterization of diffusion bonded joint between titanium and 304 stainless steel using a Ni interlayer, Mater. Charact., 2008, vol. 59, pp. 631-637.
- [23] J.M. Sosa, D.E. Huber, B. Welk, H.L. Fraser, Development and application of MIPARTM: a novel software package for two- and three-dimensional microstructural characterization, Integr. Mater. Manuf. Innov., 2014, vol.3, pp. 18
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 5, 1181 - 1189, 01.10.2018
Nagihan Sezgin
,
Erkan Kaçar
Kürşat Kazmanlı
,
Mustafa Ürgen
Kaynakça
- [1] G. F. Bastin and G. D. Rieck, Diffusion in the Titanium-Nickel System: I. Occurrence and Growth of the Various Intermetallic Compounds, Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 1817-26.
- [2] G. F. Bastin and G. D. Rieck, Diffusion in the Titanium-Nickel System: II. Calculations of Chemical and Intrinsic Diffusion Coefficients, Metall.Trans, 1974, vol. 5, pp. 1827-31.
- [3] J.E. Garay, U. Anselmi-Tamburini 1, Z.A. Munir, Enhanced growth of intermetallic phases in the Ni–Ti system by current effects, Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 4487-95.
- [4] J. Laeng, Z. Xiu, X. Xu, X. Sun, H. Ru and Y. Liu, Phase formation of Ni–Ti via solid state reaction, Phys. Scr., 2007, vol. T129, pp. 250–254.
- [5] X. Shao, X. Guo, Y. Han, Z. Lin, J. Qin, W. Lu and D. Zhang, Preparation of TiNi films by diffusion technology and the study of the formation sequence of the intermetallics in Ti–Ni systems, J. Mater. Res., 2014, vol. 29, pp. 2707-16.
- [6] X. Shao, X. Guo, Y. Han, W. Lu, J. Qin, D. Zhang, Characterization of the diffusion bonding behavior of pure Ti and Ni with different surface roughness during hot pressing, Mater. Des., 2015, vol. 65, pp. 1001–10.
- [7] P. Novák, L. Mejzlíková, A. Michalcová, J. Capek, P. Beran, D. Vojtech, Effect of SHS conditions on microstructure of NiTi shape memory alloy, Intermetallics, 2013, vol. 42, pp. 85-91.
- [8] P. Novák, P.Pokorný, V. Vojtech, A. Knaislova, A. Skolakova, J. Capek, M. Karlík, J. Kopecek, Formation of Ni-Ti intermetallics during reactive sintering at 500-650 °C, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2015, vol. 155, pp. 113-121.
- [9] A. Elrefaey, L. Wojarski, J. Janzcak-Rusch and W. Tillmann, Vacuum brazing titanium using thin nickel layer deposited by PVD technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, vol. 565, pp. 180-186.
- [10] I. Rampin, K. Brunelli, M. Dabalà, M. Magrini, Effect of diffusion of Ni and B on the microstructure and hardness of Ti Cp, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, vol. 48, pp. 1246–53.
- [11] D.Y. Li, A new type of wear-resistant material: pseudo-elastic TiNi alloy, Wear, 1998, vol. 22, pp. 1116–23.
- [12] H.Hiraga, T. Inoue, H. Shimura, A. Matsunawa, Cavitation erosion mechanism of NiTi coatings made by laser plasma hybrid spraying, Wear, 1999, vol. 231, pp. 272-278.
- [13] F. Gao and H.M. Wang, Dry sliding wear property of a laser melting/deposited Ti2Ni/TiNi intermetallic alloy, Intermetallics, 2008, vol. 16, pp. 202-208.
- [14] Murray J. L., ASM Handbook vol. 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM International, USA, 1992, pp. 319.
- [15] S. Oncel, Production of NiAl thermal barrier bond coats by cathodic arc aluminium plasma treatment, Doctoral Dissertation, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, Turkey, 2012.
- [16] S. Oncel and M. Urgen, Method for controlled production of diffusion based coatings by vacuum cathodic arc systems, Patent, EP 2829635 A1, Jan 28, 2015.
- [17] J. L. Vossen and W. Kern, Thin Film Processes II, Gulf Publishing, San Diego-CA, 1991, pp. 210-218.
- [18] S. M. Rossnagel, J. J. Cuomo, W. D. Westwood, Handbook of plasma processing technology, Noyes Publication, New Jersey, 1990, pp. 419-430.
- [19] J. Vetter and A. J. Perry, Advances in cathodic arc technology using electrons extracted from the vacuum arc, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1993, vol. 61, pp. 305-309.
- [20] T. Turutoglu, Alloying of titanium surfaces by cathodic arc aluminum plasma, Doctoral Dissertation, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, Turkey, 2013.
- [21] V.I. Nizhenko, Free surface energy as a criterion for the sequence of intermetallic layer formation in reaction couples, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 2004, vol. 43, pp. 273-279.
- [22] S. Kundu and S. Chatterjee, Characterization of diffusion bonded joint between titanium and 304 stainless steel using a Ni interlayer, Mater. Charact., 2008, vol. 59, pp. 631-637.
- [23] J.M. Sosa, D.E. Huber, B. Welk, H.L. Fraser, Development and application of MIPARTM: a novel software package for two- and three-dimensional microstructural characterization, Integr. Mater. Manuf. Innov., 2014, vol.3, pp. 18