Examination of Wear and Rockwell-C adhesion Properties of Nitronic 50 Steel Coated with Pack Boriding Method

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 521 - 530, 01.06.2020

Ersan Mertgenç

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.659782

Cited By: 6

Öz

The Nitronic 50 steel is a nitrogen containing stainless steel, which has a high corrosion resistance, and high strength but its surface resistance against wear is low, making it extremely limited to use in areas subject to wear. In this study, in order to improve the material surface and to investigate its effect on tribological properties, boronizing process was carried out by used pack boriding method at 850 ° C, 900 ° C and 950 ° C for 4 hours. As a result of coating process, the boride layer has a smooth and flat structure in SEM investigations, the coating thickness varies between 9 µm and 36 µm and the boride layer thickness increases with increasing temperature. While the hardness of the uncoated material was around 250 HV0.05, the surface hardness of the material reached up to 1.712 HV0.05 with the coating process and increased about 7 times. According to XRD analysis, the surface of the coating layer consisted of phases FeB, CrB, Ni3B, Fe2B, Cr2B and MnB. Wear behavior was performed by ball-on-disk wear test in dry environment. The friction coefficient and wear rate decreases with increasing temperature, while the wear resistance is increased by 20 times compared to unboronized sample. When the wear tracks were examined, the uncoated Nitronic 50 had an adhesive wear mechanism, on the other hand the boronized samples had an adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism together. The Rockwell-C adhesion test was carried out under a load of 1.471 N and the resulting surface damages were evaluated according to the quality map. Boronized steel at 850 °C is defined as HF3 type, at 900 °C and 950 °C at boronized steel it is defined as HF4 type and adhesion is acceptable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nitronic 50, , pack boriding, Rocwell-C adhesion, wear

Kaynakça

• [1] A. K. Chauhan, D. B. Goel and S. Prakash, “Solid particle erosion behaviour of 13Cr–4Ni and 21Cr–4Ni–N steels,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 467, no. 1-2, pp. 459–464, 2009.
• [2] A. Kumar, A. Sharma and S. K. Goel, “Effect of heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and erosion resistance of cast 23-8-N Nitronic steel,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 637, pp. 56-62, 2015.
• [3] Y. Qiao, J. Chen, H. Zhou, Y. Wang, Q. Song, H. Li and Z. Zheng, “Effect of solution treatment on cavitation erosion behavior of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel,” Wear, vol. 424-425, pp. 70-77, 2019.
• [4] C. M. Hong, J. Shi, L. Y. Sheng, W. C. Cao, W. J. Hui and H. Dong, “Effects of hot-working parameters on microstructural evolution of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel,” Materials and Design, vol. 32, pp. 3711-3717, 2011.
• [5] D. H. M. Grajales, C. M. G. Ospina and A. P. Tschiptschina, “Mesoscale plasticity anisotropy at the earliest stages of cavitation-erosion damage of a high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel,” Wear, vol. 267, pp. 99-103, 2009.
• [6] A. M. Ritter and M. F. Henry, “Phase transformations during aging of a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel,” Metallurgical Transactions A, vol. 16, pp.1759–1771, 1985.
• [7] W-G. Guo and S. Nemat-Nasser, “Flow stress of Nitronic-50 stainless steel over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures,” Mechanics of Materials, vol. 38, pp. 1090–1103, 2006.
• [8] A. S. Pokrovsky and S. A. Fabritsiev, “Effect of neutron irradiation on tensile properties of austenitic steel XM-19 for the ITER application,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol 417, pp874-877, 2011.
• [9] F. H. Abed, S. I. Ranganathan, “Constitutive modeling of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel at low and high strain rates and temperatures,” Mechanics of Materials, vol. 77, pp. 142-157, 2014.
• [10] A. I. Fernández-Abia, J. Barreiro, J. Fernández-Larrinoa, L. N. López de Lacalle, A. Fernández-Valdivielso and O. M. C. Pereira, “Behaviour of PVD coatings in the turning of austenitic stainless steels,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 63, pp. 133 – 141, 2013.
• [11] E. D. L. Heras, D. A. Egidi, P. Corengia, D. González-Santamaría, A. García-Luis, M. Brizuela, G. A. López and M. F. Martinez, “Duplex surface treatment of an AISI 316L stainless steel; microstructure and tribological behavior,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 202, pp. 2945–2954, 2008.
• [12] H. P. Feng, C. H. Hsu, J. K. Lu and Y. H. K. Shy, “Effects of PVD sputtered coatings on the corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 347, pp. 123-129, 2003.
• [13] R. Lan, Z. Ma, C. Wang, G. Lu, Y. Yuan and C. Shi, “Microstructural and tribological characterization of DLC coating by in-situ duplex plasma nitriding and arc ion plating,” Diamond & Related Materials, vol. 98, pp. 107473, 2019.
• [14] E. Marin, A. Lanzutti, M. Nakamura, M. Zanocco, W. Zhu, G. Pezzotti and F. Andreatta, “Corrosion and scratch resistance of DLC coatings applied on chromium molybdenum steel,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 378, pp. 124944, 2019.
• [15] H. Cicek, “Wear behaviors of TiN/TiCN/DLC composite coatings in different environments,” Ceramics International, vol. 44, pp. 4853–4858, 2018.
• [16] H. Kovacı, O. Baran, A. F. Yetim, Y. B. Bozkurt, L. Kara and A. Çelik, “The friction and wear performance of DLC coatings deposited on plasma nitrided AISI 4140 steel by magnetron sputtering under air and vacuum conditions,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 349, pp. 969–979, 2018.
• [17] C. Jaoul, C. Dublanche-Tixier, O, Jarry, P. Tristant, J. P. Lavoute, L. Kilman, M. Colas, E. Laborde and H. Ageorges, “Tribological properties of hard a-C:H:F coatings,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 237, pp. 328–332, 2013.
• [18] G. S. Savonov, M. G. G. Camarinha, L. O. Rocha, M. J. R. Barboza, G. V. Martins and D. A. B. Reis, “Study of the influence of the RRA thermal treatment and plasma nitriding on corrosion behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 374, pp. 736–744, 2019.
• [19] S. Li, S. Hu, A. C. Hee and Y. Zhao, “Surface modification of a Ti2AlC soft ceramic by plasma nitriding treatment,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 281, pp. 164–168, 2015.
• [20] M. Tsujikawa, N. Yamauchi, N. Ueda, T. Sone and Y. Hirose, “Behavior of carbon in low temperature plasma nitriding layer of austenitic stainless steel,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 193, pp. 309– 313, 2015.
• [21] E. Mertgenc, O. F. Kesici and Y. Kayali, “Investigation of wear properties of borided austenitic stainless-steel different temperatures and times,” Materials Research Express, vol. 6, pp. 076420, 2019.
• [22] İ. Türkmen, E. Yalamaç and M. Keddam, “Investigation of tribological behaviour and diffusion model of Fe2B layer formed by pack-boriding on SAE 1020 steel,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 377, pp. 124888, 2019.
• [23] J. Ballinger, S. A. Catledge, “Metal-boride interlayers for chemical vapor deposited nanostructured NSD films on 316 and 440C stainless steel,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 261, pp. 244–252, 2015.
• [24] A. Bartkowska, A. Pertek, M. Kulka and L. Klimek, “Laser surface modification of boronickelized medium carbon steel,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 74, pp. 145–157, 2015.
• [25] O. Torun, “Boriding of nickel aluminide,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 202, pp. 3549–3554, 2008.
• [26] O. A. Gómez-Vargas, J. Solis-Romero, U. Figueroa-López, M. Ortiz-Domínguez, J. Oseguera-Peña and A. Neville, “Boro-nitriding coating on pure iron by powder-pack boriding and nitriding processes,” Materials Letters, vol. 176, pp. 261–264, 2016.
• [27] O. Ozdemir, M. A. Omar, M. Usta, S. Zeytin, C. Bindal and A. H. Ucisik, “An investigation on boriding kinetics of AISI 316 stainless steel,” Vacuum, vol. 83, pp. 175–179, 2009.
• [28] N. Vidakis, A. Antoniadis and N. Bilalis, “The VDI 3198 indentation test evaluation of a reliable qualitative control for layered compounds,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 143–144, pp. 481–485, 2003.
• [29] E. Heinke, A. Leyland, A. Matthews, G. Berg, C. Friedrich and E Broszeit, “Evaluation of PVD nitride coatings, using impact, scratch and Rockwell-C adhesion tests” Thin Solid Films, vol. 270, pp. 431-438, 1995.
• [30] Y. Kayali and S. Taktak, “Characterization and Rockwell-C adhesion properties of chromium-based borided steels,” Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, vol. 19, pp. 2065-2075, 2015.
• [31] O. Ozdemir, M. Usta, C. Bindal and A. H. Ucisik, “Hard iron boride (Fe2B) on 99.97wt% pure iron,” Vacuum, vol. 80, pp. 1391–1395, 2006.
• [32] I. Ozbek and C. Bindal, “Mechanical properties of boronized AISI W4 steel,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 154, pp. 14–20, 2002.
• [33] T. Balusamy, T. S. N. S. Narayanan, K. Ravichandran, II. P. Song and M. H. Lee, “Effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on pack boronizing of AISI 304 stainless steel,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 232, pp. 60–67, 2013.
• [34] Y. Kayali, I. Günes and S. Ulu, “Diffusion kinetics of borided AISI 52100 and AISI 440C steels,” Vacuum, vol. 86, pp. 1428-1434, 2012.
• [35] S. Taktak, “Some mechanical properties of borided AISI H13 and 304 steels,” Materials and Design, vol. 28, pp. 1836–1843, 2007.
• [36] M. Usta, I. Ozbek, M. Ipek, C. Bindal and A. H. Ucisik, “A comparison of mechanical properties of borides formed on pure Nb and W,” Materials Forum, Vol. 29, pp. 65-70, 2005.
• [37] A. Tabur, M. Izciler, F. Gul and I. Karacan, “Abrasive wear behavior of boronized AISI 8620 steel,” Wear, vol. 266, pp. 1106–1112, 2009.
• [38] Y. Kayali, A. Büyüksağiş and Y. Yalçin, “Corrosion and wear behaviors of boronized AISI 316L stainless steel,” Metals and Materials International, vol. 19 1053-1061, 2013.
• [39] G. Ç. Efe, M. İpek, İ. Özbek and C. Bindal, “Kinetics of borided 31CrMoV9 and 34CrAlNi7 steels,” Materials Characterization, vol. 59, pp. 23–31, 2008.
• [40] L. G. Yu, X. J. Chen, K. A. Khor and G. Sundararajan, “FeB/Fe2B phase transformation during SPS pack-boriding: Boride layer growth kinetics,” Acta Materialia, vol. 53, pp. 2361–2368, 2005.
• [41] V. I. Dybkov, W. Lengauer and P. Gas, “Formation of boride layers at the Fe–25% Cr alloy–boron interface,” Journal of Materials Science, vol 4, pp. 4948-4960, 2006.
• [42] H. B. Abdelali, C. Claudin, J. Rech, W. B. Salem, PH. Kapsa and A. Dogui, “Experimental characterization of friction coefficient at the tool–chip–workpiece interface during dry cutting of AISI 1045,” Wear, vol. 286-287, pp. 108-115, 2012.
• [43] C. Jessop and J. Ahlström, “Friction between pearlitic steel surfaces,” Wear, vol. 432-433, pp. 102910, 2019.
• [44] L. R. R. Silva, R. S. Ruzzi, V. C. Teles, W. F. Sales, W. L. Guesser and A. R. Machado, “Analysis of the coefficient of friction at the workpiece-tool interface in milling of high strength compacted graphite cast irons,” Wear, vol. 426-427(b), pp. 1646-1657, 2019.
• [45] C. A. Cuao-Moreu, E. Hernández-Sanchéz, M. Alvarez-Vera, E. O. Garcia-Sanchez, A. Perez-Unzueta and M. A. L. Hernandez-Rodrigueza, “Tribological behavior of borided surface on CoCrMo cast alloy,” Wear, vol. 426–427, pp. 204–211, 2019.
• [46] Y. Teng, Y. Y. Guo, M. Zhang, Y. J. Yang, Z. Huang, Y. W. Zhou, F. Y. Wu and Y. S. Liang, “Effect of Cr/CrNx transition layer on mechanical properties of CrN coatings deposited on plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 367, pp. 100–107, 2019.
• [47] X. M. He, X. B. Liu, M. D. Wang, M. S. Yang, S. H. Shi, G. Y. Fu and S. F. Chen, “Elevated temperature dry sliding wear behavior of nickel-based composite coating on austenitic stainless steel deposited by a novel central hollow laser cladding,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 258, pp. 535–541, 2011.
• [48] A. A. Joshi and S. S. Hosmani, “Pack-boronizing of AISI 4140 steel: boronizing mechanism and the role of container design,” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 29, pp. 1062–1072, 2014.
• [49] S. Y. Lee, G. S. Kim and B. S. Kim, “Mechanical properties of duplex layer formed on AISI 403 stainless steel by chromizing and boronizing treatment,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 177 –178, pp. 178–184, 2004.
• [50] D. Mu, B. L. Shen and X. Zhao, “Effects of boronizing on mechanical and dry-sliding wear properties of CoCrMo alloy” Materials and Design, vol. 31, pp. 3933–3936, 2010.
• [51] I. Campos-Silva, A. D. Contla-Pacheco, A. Ruiz-Rios, J. Martínez-Trinidad, G. Rodríguez-Castro, A. Meneses-Amador and W. D. Wong-Angel, “Effects of scratch tests on the adhesive and cohesive properties of borided Inconel 718 superalloy,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 349, pp. 917-927, 2018.
• [52] A. M. M. El-Bahloul, “Surface capacity of gears of circular-arc tooth-profile,” Wear, vol. 93, pp. 146–154, 1996.
• [53] I. Gunes, Y. Kayali and S. Ulu, “Investigation of surface properties and wear resistance of borided steels with different B4C mixtures,” Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences, vol.19, pp. 397-402, 2012.