The Importance in Phylogenetic Relationships of The Regions Belonging to Nuclear and Plastid DNA among Crocus biflorus subspecies

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 55 - 64, 01.02.2021

Aykut Yılmaz

Öz

The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) composed of about 200 species is taxonomically very problematic, because of introgression and backcrossing observed among closely related species. Furthermore, determination of new taxa and variable characters observed in these new taxa are other important reasons of the taxonomic problems. Recently, many molecular based studies to understand the phylogenetic relationships of the Crocus taxa show the presence of the problems among the taxa, especially in C. biflorus subspecies. As a result of this, some researchers state that the term of subspecies must be changed in the genus and the most of subspecies must be categorized as species. For these reasons, in this study, the four regions belonging to nuclear and plastid DNA (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2, psbA-trnH IGS, rpoC1 and trnL-trnF IGS) were used to understand the identification and separation abilities of taxa studied, in addition to understanding the taxonomy of C. biflorus subspecies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crocus, taxonomic problems, C. biflorus, nuclear and plastid DNA

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank to NCBI for sequence informations used in this study and the authors sharing the sequence informations in NCBI.

Kaynakça

• [1] B. Mathew, ‘‘The Crocus. A revision of the genus Crocus,’’ Timber Press, London, 224 pp, 1982.
• [2] D. Harpke, H. Kerndorff, E. Pasche, and L. Peruzzi, ‘‘Neotypification of the name Crocus biflo¬rus Mill. (Iridaceae) and its consequences in the taxonomy of the genus,’’ Phytotaxa, vol. 260, no. 2, pp. 131–143, 2016.
• [3] R.B. Saxena, ‘‘Botany taxonomy and cytology of Crocus series Reticulati,’’ World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 53–73, 2016.
• [4] F. Roma-Marzio, D. Harpke, and L. Peruzzi, ‘‘Rediscovery of Crocus biflorus var. estriatus (Iridaceae) and its taxonomic characterisation,’’ Italian Botanist, vol. 6, pp. 23 ̶ 30, 2018.
• [5] M.J. Bagur, G.L.A. Salinas, A.M. Jiménez-Monreal, S. Chaouqi, S. Llorens, M. Martínez-Tomé, and G.L. Alonso, ‘‘Saffron: An Old Medicinal Plant and a Potential Novel Functional Food,’’ Molecules, vol. 23, no. 1, 2018.
• [6] R.G. Harrison and E.L. Larson, ‘‘Hybridization, introgression, and the nature of species boundaries,’’ J. Hered., vol. 105, pp. 795 ̶ 809, 2014.
• [7] H. Kerndorff, E. Pasche, and D. Harpke, ‘‘The Genus Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae): Taxonomical Problems and How to Determine a Species Nowadays?’’ Stapfia, vol. 105, pp. 42 ̶ 50, 2016.
• [8] O. Erol, D. Harpke, and H. Yıldırım, ‘‘A new Crocus L. (Iridaceae) species from SE Turkey, based on morphological and molecular data,’’ Phytotaxa, vol. 239, pp. 223–232, 2015.
• [9] G. Petersen, O. Seberg, S. Thorsøe, T. Jørgensen, and B. Mathew, ‘‘A phylogeny of the genus Crocus (Iridaceae) based on sequence data from five plastid regions,’’ Taxon, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 487–499, 2008.
• [10] D. Harpke, S. Meng, T. Rutten, H. Kerndorff, and F.R. Blattner, ‘‘Phylogeny of Crocus (Iri¬daceae) based on one chloroplast and two nuclear loci: ancient hybridization and chromo¬some number evolution,’’ Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 66, pp. 617–627, 2013.
• [11] D. Harpke, L. Peruzzi, H. Kerndorff, T. Karamplianis, T. Constantinides, N. RanĐelović, V. RanĐelović, M. Jušković, E. Pasche, and F.R. Blattner, ‘‘Phylogeny, geographic distribution and new taxonomic circumscription of the crocus reticulatus species group (Iridaceae),’’ Turk. J. Bot., vol. 38, no. 5, 2014.
• [12] D. Harpke, A. Carta, G. Tomović, V. Ranđelović, N. Ranđelović, F.R. Blattner, and L. Peruzzi, ‘‘Phylogeny, karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Crocus series Verni (Iridaceae),’’ Plant Syst Evol., vol. 301, no. 1, pp. 309 ̶ 325, 2015.
• [13] H. Kerndorff, E. Pasche, and D. Harpke, ‘‘Crocus isauricus Siehe ex Bowles (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) and its relatives,’’ Stapfia, vol. 101, pp. 3–14, 2014.
• [14] H. Kerndorff, E. Pasche, and D. Harpke, ‘‘Crocus lyciotauricus Kerndorff & Pasche (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) and its relatives,’’ Stapfia, vol. 103, pp. 67–80, 2015.
• [15] O. Erol, D. Harpke, and A. Çiftçi, ‘‘Crocus heilbronniorum, a new Turkish species of Series Lyciotauri (Iridaceae),’’ Phytotaxa, vol. 298, no. 2, pp. 173 ̶ 180, 2017.
• [16] NCBI, National Centre of Biotechnology Information, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank. [17] S. Kumar, G. Stecher, M. Li, C. Knyaz, and K. Tamura, ‘‘MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms,’’ Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 35, pp. 1547 ̶ 1549, 2018.
• [18] K. Tamura, M. Nei, and S. Kumar, ‘‘Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method,’’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol. 101, pp. 11030 ̶ 11035, 2004.
• [19] K. Addam, M. Bou-Hamdan, N. Sabbagh, J. Takkoush, and K. Hout, ‘‘Crocus baalbekensis K. Addam & M. Bou Hamdan sp. Nov and its three forms (IRIDACEAE), new endemic species and forms from Lebanon, joined the Lebanese Flora,’’ MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 75 ̶ 83, 2019.