Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 249 - 261, 30.04.2022
Rabi Ezgi Bozkurt
,
Fatih Darıcık
Kaynakça
- [1] A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, and M. A. Neto, “Experimental study of temperature effects on composite laminates subjected to multi-impacts,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 98, pp. 23–29, 2016.
- [2] L. Calabrese, V. Fiore, T. Scalici, and A. Valenza, “Experimental assessment of the improved properties during aging of flax/glass hybrid composite laminates for marine applications,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 136, no. 14, pp. 1–12, 2019.
- [3] J. Wang, H. GangaRao, R. Liang, D. Zhou, W. Liu, and Y. Fang, “Durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites under the combined effects of moisture and sustained loads,” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 34, no. 21, pp. 1739–1754, 2015.
- [4] P. Ghabezi and N. Harrison, “Mechanical behavior and long-term life prediction of carbon / epoxy and glass / epoxy composite laminates under artificial seawater environment,” Mater. Lett., p. 127091, 2019.
- [5] F. Daricik and S. Kiratli, “Farklı Çevresel Ş artlarda İki Eksenli Yüklemelere Maruz Tabakalı Kompozit Malzemelerin Hasarı Damage of Laminated Composite Materials Exposed to Biaxial Loads in Different,” vol. 36, no. March, pp. 219–233, 2021.
- [6] P. Kiss, J. Glinz, W. Stadlbauer, C. Burgstaller, and V. Archodoulaki, “The effect of thermally desized carbon fibre reinforcement on the flexural and impact properties of PA6 , PPS and PEEK composite laminates : A comparative study,” Compos. Part B, vol. 215, no. March, p. 108844, 2021.
- [7] P. Kiss, J. Schoefer, W. Stadlbauer, C. Burgstaller, and V. M. Archodoulaki, “An experimental study of glass fibre roving sizings and yarn finishes in high-performance GF-PA6 and GF-PPS composite laminates,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 204, no. October 2020, p. 108487, 2021.
- [8] C. L. Chiang, H. Y. Chou, and M. Y. Shen, “Effect of environmental aging on mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet/nanocarbon aerogel hybrid-reinforced epoxy/carbon fiber composite laminates,” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 130, no. November 2019, p. 105718, 2020.
- [9] A. Ramesh, K. Ramu, M. A. Ali Baig, and E. D. Guptha, “Influence of fly ash nano filler on the tensile and flexural properties of novel hybrid epoxy nano-composites,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 27, pp. 1252–1257, 2020.
- [10] A. K. Srivastava, V. Gupta, C. S. Yerramalli, and A. Singh, “Flexural strength enhancement in carbon-fiber epoxy composites through graphene nano-platelets coating on fibers,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 179, no. August, p. 107539, 2019.
- [11] F. Daricik and A. Topcu, “Theoretical Analysis on the Thermal and Electrical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Laminates Modified with CNTs Karbon Nanotüp ile Modifiye Edilmiş Fiber Takviyeli Laminelerin Isıl ve Elektriksel Özelliklerinin Teorik Analizi,” vol. 35, no. December, pp. 925–936, 2020.
- [12] R. Keshavarz, H. Aghamohammadi, and R. Eslami-Farsani, “The effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the flexural properties of fiber metal laminates under marine environmental conditions,” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., vol. 103, no. August, p. 102709, 2020.
- [13] S. Kıratlı and Z. Aslan, “Flexural Behavior of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Cross-Ply E- glass/epoxy Laminated Composite Materials Sakine,” Cumhur. Sci. J., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 531–542, 2018.
- [14] I. Türkmen and N. S. Köksal “Investigation of mechanical properties and impact strength depending on the number of fiber layers in glass fiber,” vol. 2, pp. 17–30, 2013.
- [15] M. Bingöl and K. Çavdar, “Effects of Different Reinforcements for Improving Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials,” Uludağ Univ. J. Fac. Eng., vol. 21, no. 2, p. 123, 2016.
- [16] G. Öner, H. Y. Ünal, and Y. Pekbey, “Karbon nanotüp katkılı camlifi -epoksi kompozitlerin termal ve eğilme özelliklerinin araştırılması,” no. 232, pp. 805–816, 2017.
- [17] M. R. Aydın, V. Acar, F. Yapıcı, K. Yıldız, M. V. Topcu and Ö. Gündoğdu, “Influence of Fiber Stacking Sequence in Inter-ply Hybrid Composites Structures on the Mechanical and Dynamics Properties,” vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 255–263, 2018.
- [18] V. Di Cocco, F. Iacoviello, and L. Sorrentino, “Failure energy and strength of Al / CFRP hybrid laminates under flexural load,” no. October, pp. 1–6, 2019.
- [19] G. Pavan, K. K. Singh, and Mahesh, “Elevated thermal conditioning effect on flexural strength of GFRP laminates: An experimental and statistical approach,” Mater. Today Commun., vol. 26, no. November 2020, p. 101809, 2020.
- [20] M. Bazli, H. Ashrafi, A. Jafari, X. L. Zhao, H. Gholipour, and A. V. Oskouei, “Effect of thickness and reinforcement configuration on flexural and impact behaviour of GFRP laminates after exposure to elevated temperatures,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 157, pp. 76–99, 2019.
- [21] J. Meng et al., “Mechanical properties and internal microdefects evolution of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites : Cryogenic temperature and thermocycling effects,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 191, no. November 2019, p. 108083, 2020.
- [22] Solvay Technical Data Sheet Cycom®️ 381 Prepreg 2021. https://catalogservice.solvay.com/downloadDocument?fileId=MDkwMTY2OWM4MDU1YmZmNg==&fileName=CYCOM 381_CM_EN.pdf&base=FAST
- [23] J. Tomblin, J. Mckenna, Y. Ng, and K. S. Raju, “Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments B – Basis Design Allowables for Epoxy – Based Prepreg Fiberite 8-Harness Graphite Fabric,” 2001.
- [24] J. Tomblin, J. Sherraden, W. Seneviratne, and K. S. Raju, “A - Basis and B - Basis Design Allowables for Epoxy Based Prepreg,” 2002.
- [25] A. Puck and H. Schürmann, “Failure analysis of FRP laminates by means of physically based phenomenological models,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 62, no. 12-13 SPECIAL ISSUE, pp. 1633–1662, 2002.
A Numerical Investigation for the Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Bending Behaviour of Laminated Composites
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 249 - 261, 30.04.2022
Rabi Ezgi Bozkurt
,
Fatih Darıcık
Öz
In this study, the bending behavior of fiber-reinforced laminated composites (FRCs) with a balanced and symmetric stacking sequence was investigated numerically under different environmental conditions. The numerical models of carbon/ bismaleimide, carbon/epoxy, and S-glass/epoxy laminated composites were designed and analyzed using ESAComp software. Deformation of the FRCs models was simulated with three-point bending conditions and the effects of material properties varying with environmental conditions on the flexural analysis were investigated according to the Tsai-Wu criterion and the Puck criterion. The Tsai-Wu criterion detects the failure of FRCs earlier and behaves more conservative than the Puck criterion for all environmental conditions. The flexural strength and failure mode of the laminates vary with the variation of environmental conditions. The order of the first damaged ply varied depending on the type of reinforcing fiber. Especially the presence of moisture and high temperature significantly influences the flexural strength of the laminated composites.
Kaynakça
- [1] A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, and M. A. Neto, “Experimental study of temperature effects on composite laminates subjected to multi-impacts,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 98, pp. 23–29, 2016.
- [2] L. Calabrese, V. Fiore, T. Scalici, and A. Valenza, “Experimental assessment of the improved properties during aging of flax/glass hybrid composite laminates for marine applications,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 136, no. 14, pp. 1–12, 2019.
- [3] J. Wang, H. GangaRao, R. Liang, D. Zhou, W. Liu, and Y. Fang, “Durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites under the combined effects of moisture and sustained loads,” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 34, no. 21, pp. 1739–1754, 2015.
- [4] P. Ghabezi and N. Harrison, “Mechanical behavior and long-term life prediction of carbon / epoxy and glass / epoxy composite laminates under artificial seawater environment,” Mater. Lett., p. 127091, 2019.
- [5] F. Daricik and S. Kiratli, “Farklı Çevresel Ş artlarda İki Eksenli Yüklemelere Maruz Tabakalı Kompozit Malzemelerin Hasarı Damage of Laminated Composite Materials Exposed to Biaxial Loads in Different,” vol. 36, no. March, pp. 219–233, 2021.
- [6] P. Kiss, J. Glinz, W. Stadlbauer, C. Burgstaller, and V. Archodoulaki, “The effect of thermally desized carbon fibre reinforcement on the flexural and impact properties of PA6 , PPS and PEEK composite laminates : A comparative study,” Compos. Part B, vol. 215, no. March, p. 108844, 2021.
- [7] P. Kiss, J. Schoefer, W. Stadlbauer, C. Burgstaller, and V. M. Archodoulaki, “An experimental study of glass fibre roving sizings and yarn finishes in high-performance GF-PA6 and GF-PPS composite laminates,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 204, no. October 2020, p. 108487, 2021.
- [8] C. L. Chiang, H. Y. Chou, and M. Y. Shen, “Effect of environmental aging on mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet/nanocarbon aerogel hybrid-reinforced epoxy/carbon fiber composite laminates,” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 130, no. November 2019, p. 105718, 2020.
- [9] A. Ramesh, K. Ramu, M. A. Ali Baig, and E. D. Guptha, “Influence of fly ash nano filler on the tensile and flexural properties of novel hybrid epoxy nano-composites,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 27, pp. 1252–1257, 2020.
- [10] A. K. Srivastava, V. Gupta, C. S. Yerramalli, and A. Singh, “Flexural strength enhancement in carbon-fiber epoxy composites through graphene nano-platelets coating on fibers,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 179, no. August, p. 107539, 2019.
- [11] F. Daricik and A. Topcu, “Theoretical Analysis on the Thermal and Electrical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Laminates Modified with CNTs Karbon Nanotüp ile Modifiye Edilmiş Fiber Takviyeli Laminelerin Isıl ve Elektriksel Özelliklerinin Teorik Analizi,” vol. 35, no. December, pp. 925–936, 2020.
- [12] R. Keshavarz, H. Aghamohammadi, and R. Eslami-Farsani, “The effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the flexural properties of fiber metal laminates under marine environmental conditions,” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., vol. 103, no. August, p. 102709, 2020.
- [13] S. Kıratlı and Z. Aslan, “Flexural Behavior of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Cross-Ply E- glass/epoxy Laminated Composite Materials Sakine,” Cumhur. Sci. J., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 531–542, 2018.
- [14] I. Türkmen and N. S. Köksal “Investigation of mechanical properties and impact strength depending on the number of fiber layers in glass fiber,” vol. 2, pp. 17–30, 2013.
- [15] M. Bingöl and K. Çavdar, “Effects of Different Reinforcements for Improving Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials,” Uludağ Univ. J. Fac. Eng., vol. 21, no. 2, p. 123, 2016.
- [16] G. Öner, H. Y. Ünal, and Y. Pekbey, “Karbon nanotüp katkılı camlifi -epoksi kompozitlerin termal ve eğilme özelliklerinin araştırılması,” no. 232, pp. 805–816, 2017.
- [17] M. R. Aydın, V. Acar, F. Yapıcı, K. Yıldız, M. V. Topcu and Ö. Gündoğdu, “Influence of Fiber Stacking Sequence in Inter-ply Hybrid Composites Structures on the Mechanical and Dynamics Properties,” vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 255–263, 2018.
- [18] V. Di Cocco, F. Iacoviello, and L. Sorrentino, “Failure energy and strength of Al / CFRP hybrid laminates under flexural load,” no. October, pp. 1–6, 2019.
- [19] G. Pavan, K. K. Singh, and Mahesh, “Elevated thermal conditioning effect on flexural strength of GFRP laminates: An experimental and statistical approach,” Mater. Today Commun., vol. 26, no. November 2020, p. 101809, 2020.
- [20] M. Bazli, H. Ashrafi, A. Jafari, X. L. Zhao, H. Gholipour, and A. V. Oskouei, “Effect of thickness and reinforcement configuration on flexural and impact behaviour of GFRP laminates after exposure to elevated temperatures,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 157, pp. 76–99, 2019.
- [21] J. Meng et al., “Mechanical properties and internal microdefects evolution of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites : Cryogenic temperature and thermocycling effects,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 191, no. November 2019, p. 108083, 2020.
- [22] Solvay Technical Data Sheet Cycom®️ 381 Prepreg 2021. https://catalogservice.solvay.com/downloadDocument?fileId=MDkwMTY2OWM4MDU1YmZmNg==&fileName=CYCOM 381_CM_EN.pdf&base=FAST
- [23] J. Tomblin, J. Mckenna, Y. Ng, and K. S. Raju, “Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments B – Basis Design Allowables for Epoxy – Based Prepreg Fiberite 8-Harness Graphite Fabric,” 2001.
- [24] J. Tomblin, J. Sherraden, W. Seneviratne, and K. S. Raju, “A - Basis and B - Basis Design Allowables for Epoxy Based Prepreg,” 2002.
- [25] A. Puck and H. Schürmann, “Failure analysis of FRP laminates by means of physically based phenomenological models,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 62, no. 12-13 SPECIAL ISSUE, pp. 1633–1662, 2002.