EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜN YERALTI EKONOMİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PANEL ANALİZ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2019 Sayı: 2, 35 - 46, 11.12.2019

Jülide Yalçınkaya Koyuncu Hüseyin Safa Ünal

Öz

Bu çalışma,
ekonomik özgürlük ve yeraltı ekonomisinin büyüklüğü arasındaki ilişkiyi 153
ülke verisini 1999 ve 2013 yılları arasındaki periyodu göz önünde bulundurarak
incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeple, Hausman test sonuçlarına dayanarak sabit
etkiler (FEM) ve rassal etkiler modellerinden (REM) faydalanılmıştır. İstihdam
ve ekonomik özgürlük göstergeleri yeraltı ekonomisinin büyüklüğü ile negatif
ilişki içerisindedir. Diğer yandan, vergi yükü ve istihdam, yeraltı
ekonomisinin boyutu üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahiptir. Genel ekonomik özgürlük
ve iş yapma özgürlüğü, yeraltı ekonomisi üzerindeki en etkili özgürlük
göstergeleridir. Ancak en az etkili olanı yatırım yapma özgürlüğü olarak tespit
edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeraltı Ekonomisi, Ekonomik Özgürlük, Rassal Etkiler Modeli, Sabit Etkiler Modeli, Panel Veri

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM ON THE SHADOW ECONOMY: PANEL ANALYSIS

Öz

This study aims to find the relationship between
economic freedom and the size of the shadow economy in 153 countries for the
period between 1999 and 2013. Panel fixed effects (FEM) and panel random effects
models (REM) are utilized based on the Hausman test results. Employment and
economic freedom indicators are found to be in negative association with the
size of the shadow economy. On the other hand, tax burden and employment
positively affect the size of the shadow economy. The most effective freedom
indicators on the shadow economy are overall economic freedom and business
freedom, but the least effective is investment freedom.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Shadow Economy, Economic Freedom, Random Effects Model, Fixed Effects Model, Panel Data

Kaynakça

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