Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity

Selen Büyükyörük; İkbal Demet Nane

doi:10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028

Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity

Abstract

The growing interest in natural and sustainable ingredients is driving innovation in the field of cosmetics. In this context, the utilisation of coffee grounds and orange peels as post-consumption waste under the principles of the circular economy not only fosters environmental sustainability but also economic sustainability. The soap formula incorporated 2% coffee grounds, brewed coffee extract, and orange peel essential oil, and was produced using the hot process method. The pH of the soap was measured in three separate samples, yielding values of 8.93, 9.06, and 8.96, with a mean of 8.98 ± 0.07, indicating its suitability for topical application. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the pure orange peel essential oil identified dl-limonene (89.0%), α-myrcene (2.0%), and α-pinene (1.0%) as the dominant compounds. In the soap matrix, these compounds were retained at 93.3%, 120.0%, and 85.0%, respectively, indicating moderate thermal loss with occasional variance. Fatty acid profiling revealed oleic acid (41.2%), stearic acid (22.5%), and palmitic acid (13.7%), which contribute to moisturization, lathering, and hardness. The findings support the integration of food-derived waste materials as functional ingredients in cosmetic formulations, enhancing both ecological value and product efficacy.

Keywords

Project Number

1919B012322612

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Analytical Chemistry (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Selen Büyükyörük
0009-0008-7878-9191
Türkiye

İkbal Demet Nane ^*
0000-0002-3561-0322
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 28, 2026

Submission Date

July 27, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 21 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA98SU73BC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Büyükyörük, S., & Nane, İ. D. (2026). Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 21(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028

AMA

1.Büyükyörük S, Nane İD. Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science. 2026;21(1):69-77. doi:10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028

Chicago

Büyükyörük, Selen, and İkbal Demet Nane. 2026. “Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap With Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity”. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science 21 (1): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028.

EndNote

Büyükyörük S, Nane İD (May 1, 2026) Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science 21 1 69–77.

IEEE

[1]S. Büyükyörük and İ. D. Nane, “Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 69–77, May 2026, doi: 10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028.

ISNAD

Büyükyörük, Selen - Nane, İkbal Demet. “Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap With Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity”. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science 21/1 (May 1, 2026): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028.

JAMA

1.Büyükyörük S, Nane İD. Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science. 2026;21:69–77.

MLA

Büyükyörük, Selen, and İkbal Demet Nane. “Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap With Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity”. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 21, no. 1, May 2026, pp. 69-77, doi:10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028.

Vancouver

1.Selen Büyükyörük, İkbal Demet Nane. Utilization of Coffee Waste and Orange Peel Essential Oil in the Development of a Natural Peeling Soap with Potential Anti-Cellulite Activity. Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science. 2026 May 1;21(1):69-77. doi:10.29233/sdufeffd.1752028