Histological Evaluation of The Effects of Some Microbial Fertilizers Used In Agriculture on The Skin Tissue of Eisenia Foetida

Year 2020, , 213 - 223, 29.11.2020

Şeyma Rukiye Yayla , Nurgül Şenol

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.690829

Abstract

In this study, the histological evaluation of the
effect of microbial fertilizers produced as an alternative due to environmental
damages caused by chemical fertilizers on the skin tissue of Eisenia foetida type earthworms. Liquid
microbial fertilizer (BM Coton Plus, BM Megaflu, BM Rootpan) was applied to
Eisenia foetida type worms for 30 days with 3 different microbial fertilizer
formulations currently used in agriculture. After the trial, certain parts were
removed from the body parts of Eisenia
foetidas and histological tissue follow-up was performed. The histological
examination of the preparations belonging to the control group revealed that
the skin showed stratification, including epidermis and dermis. Histological
observations similar to our control group were made in BM Coton Plus, BM
Megaflu and BM Rootpan groups. As a result, it was determined histologically
that the selection of microbial methods did not cause any negative results in
terms of sustainability of agriculture and maintaining the life cycle of soil
organisms.

Keywords

Microbial fertilizer, Eisenia foetida, Skin

Tarımda Kullanılan Bazı Mikrobiyal Gübrelerin Eisenia Foetida Deri Dokusu Üzerinde Etkisinin Morfolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada son yıllarda kimyasal gübrelerin yol açtığı çevresel zararlardan dolayı alternatif olarak üretilen mikrobiyal gübrelerin Eisenia foetida türü toprak solucanlarının deri dokusu üzerine etkisinin histolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Tarımda şu anda kullanılmakta olan 3 farklı mikrobiyal gübre formülasyonu ile Eisenia foetida türü solucanlara 30 gün boyunca sıvı mikrobiyal gübre (BM Coton Plus, BM Megaflu, BM Rootpan) uygulaması yapıldı. Denemenin ardından Eisenia foetida’ların vücut kısımlarından belli parçalar alındı ve histolojik doku takibi uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna ait preparatların histolojik incelemesinde derinin epidermis ve dermis olmak üzere tabakalanma gösterdiği saptandı. BM Coton Plus, BM Megaflu, BM Rootpan gruplarımızda da kontrol grubumuza benzer histolojik gözlemler yapıldı. Sonuç olarak mikrobiyal yöntemler seçilmesinin tarımın sürdürülebilirliği ve toprak canlılarının yaşam döngülerinin devamını sağlamak açısından herhangi bir olumsuzluk oluşturmadığı histolojik açıdan tespit edildi.

Keywords

Mikrobiyal gübre, Eisenia foetida, deri

References

• [1] Kılavuz, E., Erdem, İ., 2019. Dünyada Tarım 4.0 Uygulamaları ve Türk Tarımının Dönüşümü. Social Sciences. Nuh Naci Yazdın University. Kayseri.
• [2] Ünlü, H., Padem, H., 2010. Organik Domates Yetiştiriciliğinde Çiftlik Gübresi, Mikrobiyal Gübre ve Bitki Aktivatörü Kullanımının Yaprakların Makro Element İçeriği Üzerine Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 5: 63-73.Isparta.
• [3] Okur, N., Kayıkçıoğlu, H.H., Tunç, G., Tüzel, Y., 2007. Organik Tarımda Kullanılan Bazı Organik Gübrelerin Topraktaki Mikrobiyal Aktivite Üzerine Etkisi., Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Bornava, İzmir.
• [4] Kiracı, S., Gönülal, E., Padem, H., 2013. Mikrobiyal Gübre ve Bitki Aktivatörü Uygulamalarının Organik Havuç Yetiştiriciliğinde Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 8: 36-43.
• [5] Chuks, Odoh, K., 2017. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Bioprotectant bioinoculant for Sustainable Agrobiology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences. 4: 123- 142.
• [6] Bhardwaj, D., Ansari, M.W., Sahoo, R.K., Tuteja, N.,2014. Biofertilizers function as key player in sustainable agriculture by improving soil fertility, plant tolerance and crop productivity. Bhardwaj et al. Microbial Cell Factories. India.
• [7] Nascimento, F.X., Hern´andez, A.G., Glick, B.R., Rossi, M.J. 2019. Plant growth-promoting activities and genomic analysis of the stress-resistant Bacillus megaterium STB1, a bacterium of agricultural and biotechnological interest. Biotechnology Reports. Portugal.
• [8] Rolewicz, M., Rusek, P., Borowik, K. 2017. Obtaining of granular fertilizers based on ashes from combustion of waste residues and ground bones using phosphorous solubilization by bacteria Bacillus megaterium. Journal of Environmental Management. Poland
• [9] Jaleel, A. C., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R., Panneerselvam, R., 2007. Pseudomanas Fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloıds and Surfaces. 60: 7-11 p. India.
• [10] Wrıght, S.A.I., Zumoff, C.H., Schneıder, L., Beer, S.V., 2001. Pantoea agglomerans Strain EH318 Produces Two Antibiotics That Inhibit Erwinia amylovora In Vitro. Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 284-292 p
• [11] Giddens, S.R., Houliston, G.J., Mahanty, H.K., 2003. The influence of antibiotic production and pre-emptive colonization on the population dynamics of Pantoea agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola) Eh1087 and Erwinia amylovora in planta. Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag, Christchurch, New Zealand. Environmental Microbiology. 5: 1016–1021 p.
• [12] Hashem, A., Tabussum. B., Abd-Allah, E.F., 2019. Bacillus Subtilis: A Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium that also impacts biotic stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences., Saudi Arabia.
• [13] Pires, M.N., Seldin, L., 1997. Evaluation of Biolog system for identification of strains of Paenibacillus azotofixans. Laborat´orio de Gen´etica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 71: 195 – 200.
• [14] Seldın, L., Rosado, A.S., Cruz, D.W.D, Nobrega, A., Elsas, J.D.V., Paıva, E., 1998. Comparison of Paenibacillus azotofixans Strains Isolated from Rhizoplane, Rhizosphere, and Non-Root-Associated Soil from Maize Planted in Two Different Brazilian Soils. Applıed And Envıronmental Mıcrobıology. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 64, 3860 – 3868 p
• [15] Yang, J., Kloepper, W. J., Ryu, C.M., 2009. Rhizosphere bacteria help plants tolerate abiotic stress. Systems Microbiology Research Center. 14: 305 – 666 p. South Korea.
• [16] Timmusk, S., Wagner, E., Gerhart, H., 1999. The Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa Induces Changes in Arabidopsis thaliana Gene Expression: A Possible Connection Between Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses. The American Phytopathological Society. 11: 951 – 959
• [17] Lal, S., Tabacchioni, S., 2009. Ecology And Biotechnological Potential Of Paenibacillus Polymyxa: A Minireview., Plant Genetics And Genomics Section. 49: 2-10 P. Rome, Italy.
• [18] Terezija, H., Maja, P., Tamara, B., Mira, G., Dorde, K., Ljerka, T.R., 1998. Fibrinolytic and anticoagulative activities from the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 119: 825-832 p.
• [19] Ponsankar, A., Vasantha-Srinivasan, P., Senthil-Nathan, S., Thanigaivel, A., Edwin, E.S., 2016. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 133: 260-270 p.
• [20] Das, A., Osborne, J.W., 2017. Enhanced bioremoval of lead by earthworm–Lumbricus terrestris co-cultivated with bacteria–Klebsiella variicola. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. 175: 65-72 p.
• [21] Vaithiyanathasamy, K., Ramachandran, A.,, Naiyf, S.A., Shine, K., Jamal, M.K., Taghreed, N.A., Marimuthu, G., 2020. Impact of pesticide monocrotophos on microbial populations and histology of intestine in the Indian earthworm Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Microbial Pathogenesis. Indıa.
• [22] Antisari, L.V., Carbone, S., Gatti, A., Ferrando, S., Nacucchi, M., Pascalis, F.D., Gambardella, C., Badalucco, L., Laudicina, V.A., 2016. Effect of cobalt and silver nanoparticles and ions on Lumbricus rubellus health and on microbial community of earthworm faeces and soil. Applied Soil Ecology. 108: 62-71 p.
• [23] Tatsi, K., Shaw, B.J., Hutchinson, T.H., Handy, R.d D., 2018. Copper accumulation and toxicity in earthworms exposed to CuO nanomaterials: Effects of particle coating and soil ageing. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 166: 462-473 p.
• [24] Sorour, J., Larink, O.L., 2001. Toxic Effects of Benomly on the Ultrastructure during Spermatogenesis of the Earthworm Eisenia foetida. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 50:180-188 p.
• [25] Singh, V., Singh, K., 2015. Toxic Effect of Herbicide 2,4-D on the Earthworm Eutyphoeus waltoni Michaelsen. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 2: 251-260 p.
• [26] Reinecke, S.A., Reinecke, A.J., 2007. The impact of organophosphate pesticides in orchards on earthworms in the Western Cape, South Africa. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 66:244-251 p.
• [27] Reddy, N.C., Rao J.V., 2008. Biological response of earthworm, Eisenia Foetida (Savigny) to an organophosrous pesticide, profenofos. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 71: 574-582 p
• [28] Shin, K.H., Lim, Y., Ahn, J.H., Khil, J., Cha, C.J., Hur, H.G., 2005. Anaerobic biotransformation of dinitrotoluene isomers by Lactococus lactic subsp. Lactis strain 27 isolated from earthworm intestine. Chemosphere. 61: 30-39 p.