Öz
In this study, the zenith angle distribution of the ground level cosmic ray flux have been measured at 900 meters above the sea level by using the developed prototype detector. The mea- surements have been done in Experimental Particle Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, AIBU Bolu. The method used to carry out the experiment is by using simultaneous particle hits on two scintillator boxes that are arranged in tower mode then counts will accumulate in the scin- tillator counter boxes. This detector prototype provides a simpler, cheaper and suitable alternative to the common cosmic ray detectors for the detection of particles at ground level. The orientation of module is in the south-east direction. The fluxes and rates were measured for different zenith angles between 0o and 90o. The attenuation effect of the architectural components on the mea- sured cosmic ray flux was carried out by using GEANT4 simulation program and this effect was taken into account in the given results.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- B. Rossi, “Interpretation of cosmic-ray phenomena,” Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 537, 1948.
- R. Bellotti, F. Cafagna, M. Circella, G. De Cataldo, C. De Marzo, N. Giglietto, P. Spinelli, R. Golden, S. Stephens, S. Stochaj, et al., “Measurement of the negative muon spectrum between 0.3 and 40 gev/c in the atmosphere,” Physical Review D, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 35, 1996.
- K. Nakamura, “K. nakamura et al. (particle data group),” Journal of Physics G., vol. 37, p. 075021, 2010.
- M. De Pascale, A. Morselli, P. Picozza, R. Golden, C. Grimani, B. Kimbell, S. Stephens, S. Stochaj, W. Webber, G. Basini, et al., “Absolute spectrum and charge ratio of cosmic ray muons in the energy region from 0.2 gev to 100 gev at 600 m above sea level,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol. 98, no. A3, pp. 3501–3507, 1993.
- P. K. Grieder, Cosmic rays at Earth. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2001.
- M. Iori, E. Arslan, H. Denizli, M. Kaya, A. Yilmaz, and J. Russ, “Electron–muon identification by atmospheric shower in a new concept of an eas detector,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 692, pp. 285 – 287, 2012. 3rd Roma International Conference on Astroparticle Physics.
- S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. a. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, P. Arce, M. Asai, D. Axen, S. Banerjee, G.. Barrand, et al., “Geant4 a simulation toolkit,” Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 506, no. 3, pp. 250–303, 2003.
- J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, P. A. Dubois, M. Asai, G. Barrand, R. Capra, S. Chauvie, R. Chytracek, et al., “Geant4 developments and applications,” IEEE Transactions on nuclear science, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 270–278, 2006.
- S. Ritt, “The drs chip: cheap waveform digitizing in the ghz range,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 518, no. 1, pp. 470 – 471, 2004. Frontier Detectors for Frontier Physics: Proceeding.
- E. W. Weisstein, “Least squares fitting. from mathworld-a wolfram web resource,” 2002.
- M. Iori, A. Sergi, and D. Fargion, “Test results of a prototype designed to detect horizontal cosmic ray flux,” arXiv preprint astro-ph/0409159, 2004.
- B. G. Wilson, “A study of μ-mesons incident at large zenith angles,” Canadian Journal of Physics, vol. 37, pp. 19–29, Jan 1959.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, zemin seviyesindeki kozmik ışın akısının zenit açısı dağılımı, geliştirilen prototip detektörü kullanılarak deniz seviyesinden 900 metre yukarıda ölçülmüştür. Ölçümler, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü Deneysel Parçacık Fiziği Laboratuvarında yapılmıştır. Ölçümleri gerçekleştirmek için kullanılan yöntem, kule modunda düzenlenmiş iki sintilatör kutusu üzerindeki eşzamanlı parçacık darbelerini kullanmaktır, daha sonra sayımlar sintilatör sayaç kutularında birikecektir. Bu detektör prototipi, parçacıkların yer seviyesinde tespit edilebilmesinde bilinen kozmik ışın detektörlerine göre daha basit, daha ucuz ve uygun bir alternatif sunar. Akılar ve oranlar, 0o ve 90o arasındaki farklı zenit açıları için ölçülmüştür. Mimari bileşenlerin ölçülen kozmik ışın akısı üzerindeki zayıflama etkisi, GEANT4 simülasyon programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu etki verilen sonuçlarda dikkate alınmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- B. Rossi, “Interpretation of cosmic-ray phenomena,” Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 537, 1948.
- R. Bellotti, F. Cafagna, M. Circella, G. De Cataldo, C. De Marzo, N. Giglietto, P. Spinelli, R. Golden, S. Stephens, S. Stochaj, et al., “Measurement of the negative muon spectrum between 0.3 and 40 gev/c in the atmosphere,” Physical Review D, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 35, 1996.
- K. Nakamura, “K. nakamura et al. (particle data group),” Journal of Physics G., vol. 37, p. 075021, 2010.
- M. De Pascale, A. Morselli, P. Picozza, R. Golden, C. Grimani, B. Kimbell, S. Stephens, S. Stochaj, W. Webber, G. Basini, et al., “Absolute spectrum and charge ratio of cosmic ray muons in the energy region from 0.2 gev to 100 gev at 600 m above sea level,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol. 98, no. A3, pp. 3501–3507, 1993.
- P. K. Grieder, Cosmic rays at Earth. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2001.
- M. Iori, E. Arslan, H. Denizli, M. Kaya, A. Yilmaz, and J. Russ, “Electron–muon identification by atmospheric shower in a new concept of an eas detector,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 692, pp. 285 – 287, 2012. 3rd Roma International Conference on Astroparticle Physics.
- S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. a. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, P. Arce, M. Asai, D. Axen, S. Banerjee, G.. Barrand, et al., “Geant4 a simulation toolkit,” Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 506, no. 3, pp. 250–303, 2003.
- J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, P. A. Dubois, M. Asai, G. Barrand, R. Capra, S. Chauvie, R. Chytracek, et al., “Geant4 developments and applications,” IEEE Transactions on nuclear science, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 270–278, 2006.
- S. Ritt, “The drs chip: cheap waveform digitizing in the ghz range,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 518, no. 1, pp. 470 – 471, 2004. Frontier Detectors for Frontier Physics: Proceeding.
- E. W. Weisstein, “Least squares fitting. from mathworld-a wolfram web resource,” 2002.
- M. Iori, A. Sergi, and D. Fargion, “Test results of a prototype designed to detect horizontal cosmic ray flux,” arXiv preprint astro-ph/0409159, 2004.
- B. G. Wilson, “A study of μ-mesons incident at large zenith angles,” Canadian Journal of Physics, vol. 37, pp. 19–29, Jan 1959.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Metroloji,Uygulamalı ve Endüstriyel Fizik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Kasım 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2 |
