EPİGENETİK DEĞİŞİKLİK NEDİR VE HASTALIKLARIN MOLEKÜLER PATOLOJİK MEKANİZMALARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ HAKKINDA NE BİLİYORUZ?

Year 2022, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 273 - 283, 30.06.2022

Kemal Kürşat Bozkurt , Ayca Tan , Onur Ertunç , Rafet Güneş Öztürk , Yasemin Çakır , Zeynep Sağnak Yılmaz , Şadiye Ünlü

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1090522

Abstract

Epigenetik değişiklik, kromatin modifikasyonu, DNA
metilasyonu, histon modifikasyonu, kromatin düzenleyici
proteinler ve kodlamayan RNA'lar yoluyla meydana
gelmekte olup, kalıcı genotipik değişiklik olmaksızın
gerçekleşen fenotipik bir değişikliği ifade eder.
Transkripsiyon sonrası m6A RNA metilasyonu da yeni
tanımlanmış bir epigenetik mekanizma olup, yeni bir
tanısal biyobelirteç ve potansiyel terapötik hedef olduğuna
inanılmaktadır. Epigenetik değişikliklerin birçok
nonneoplastik ve neoplastik hastalığın gelişiminde
ve ilerlemesinde önemli bir rol oynadığı iyi bilinen bir
gerçektir. Bu nedenle epigenetik değişiklikler tanısal
ve prognostik açıdan değerlidir. Öte yandan kişiselleştirilmiş
tıp ve hedefe yönelik tedavi yaklaşımlarının
gelişmesiyle birlikte epigenetik değişiklikleri hedefleyen
tedavi stratejileri birçok hastalık için umut verici
bir alan haline gelmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı,
epigenetik değişikliklerin mekanizmaları ve neoplastik
/ nonneoplastik hastalıkların gelişimindeki rolleri hakkında
klinisyenlere ve laboratuvar tıbbı uzmanlarına
daha sonraki araştırmalar için yardımcı olabilecek bilgiler
sağlamaktır.

Keywords

epigenetik, hastalık, nonneoplastik, neoplastik

Supporting Institution

Herhangi bir destek alınmamıştır.

WHAT IS EPIGENETIC CHANGE AND WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT ITS IMPACT ON MOLECULAR PATHOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF THE DISEASES?

Abstract

Epigenetic change refers to a phenotypic alteration
without permanent genotypic change, which occurs
through chromatin modification, DNA methylation,
histone modification, chromatin-regulating proteins
and non-coding RNAs. Post-transcriptional m6A
RNA methylation is also a newly described epigenetic
mechanism and believed to be a new diagnostic
biomarker and potential therapeutic target. It is a well-
known fact that epigenetic changes play a significant
role in the development and progression of several
nonneoplastic and neoplastic diseases. Therefore,
epigenetic changes are of value in diagnostic
and prognostic terms. On the other hand, with the
development of personalized medicine and targeted
treatment approaches, treatment strategies targeting
the epigenetic changes are becoming a promising
area for many diseases. The aim of this review is
to provide information about the mechanisms of
epigenetic changes and their role in the development
of neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases, which may
be helpful for the clinicians and laboratory medicine
experts for further researchs.

Keywords

epigenetic, disease, nonneoplastic, neoplastic

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