ANALOGICAL REASONING IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Year 2022, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 430 - 437, 30.09.2022

Melike Doğan Ünlü , Serpil Demirci

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1120228

Abstract

Objective
Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis
(MS) and occurs at all stages of the disease with
a significant negative effect on daily life activities,
vocation, social relationships and quality of life.
Analogical reasoning involves identifying a common
relational system between two situations and then
generating further inferences driven by these shared
commonalities that is a fundamental aspect of human
cognition people routinely use in everyday life, in a
wide range of problem-solving contexts and decision
making. The aim of the study is to evaluate analogical
reasoning skills in individuals with MS.
Material and Method
This observational case-control study covers 30
MS patients without any cognitive complaint and
30 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy
person. All participants were underwent a thorough
neuropsychological evaluation with emphasis on
working memory, attention, executive functions and
concept formation and analogical reasoning.
Results
MS patients’ performance on working memory,
attention and executive functions were worse in
comparison to the control group. In general no
difference was observed regarding concept formation,
abstraction, cognitive flexibility and analogical
reasoning between MS patients and healthy controls.
However MS patients with advanced age exhibited a
poor performance in these tasks which also showed a
moderate correlation with disease duration.
Conclusion
Cognitive dysfunction can be detected even in MS
patients who are relatively young and have low
disability, without any cognitive complaints. Although
early cognitive reserves are sufficient for performance
in analogical reasoning tasks similar to that of healthy
controls, they show significant deterioration with
advancing age.

Keywords

multiple sclerosis, cognitive functions, analogical reasoning

MULTİPL SKLEROZDA ANALOJİK AKIL YÜRÜTME

Abstract

Amaç
Multipl sklerozda yaygın olan bilişsel bozukluk hastalığın
tüm evrelerinde gelişebilir ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerini,
mesleki, sosyal ilişkileri ve yaşam kalitesini
önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkiler. İki durum arasındaki
ortak ilişkiyi tanımlama ve bu ortak benzerlikler üzerinden
yeni çıkarımlar üretebilme becerisi olan analojik
akıl yürütme, insanların günlük yaşamda çok çeşitli
problem çözme bağlamlarında ve karar vermede rutin
olarak kullandıkları, insan bilişinin temel ögelerinden
birisidir. Çalışmanın amacı MS’li bireylerde analojik
akıl yürütme becerilerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Bu gözlemsel, olgu-kontrol çalışması herhangi bir bilişsel
yakınması olmayan 30 MS hastası ve yaş, cinsiyet
ve eğitim açısından eşleştirilmiş 30 sağlıklı kişiyi
kapsamaktadır. Tüm katılımcılara çalışma belleği, dikkat,
yürütücü işlevler ve kavram oluşturma ve analojik
akıl yürütmeye vurgu yapılan kapsamlı bir nöropsikolojik
değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Bulgular
MS’li hastaların çalışma belleği, dikkat ve yürütücü işlevlerdeki
performansları daha kötüydü. Genel olarak
MS hastaları ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında kavram
oluşturma, soyutlama, bilişsel esneklik ve analojik akıl
yürütme açısından bir fark gözlenmedi. Bununla birlikte,
bu ödevlerde ilerleyen yaşla birlikte ve hastalık
süresi ile orta derecede bir bağıntı gösteren daha kötü
bir performans izlenmiştir.
Sonuç
Herhangi bir bilişsel yakınması olmayan, görece genç
ve özürlülüğü düşük MS hastalarında bile bilişsel işlev
bozukluğu saptanabilmektedir. Erken dönemdeki
kognitif rezervler analojik akıl yürütme görevlerinde
sağlıklı kontrollere benzer bir performans için yeterli
olsa da ilerleyen yaşla birlikte önemli bir bozulma
gösterirler. Analojik akıl yürütme görevlerinde sağlıklı
kontrollere benzer bir performans için yeterli olsa da
ilerleyen yaşla birlikte önemli bir bozulma gösterirler.

Keywords

multipl skleroz, bilişsel işlevler, analojik akıl yürütme

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