THE RELATİONSHİP OF HYPERGLYCEMİA WİTH EPİGENETİC MECHANİSMS

Year 2023, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 582 - 591, 23.09.2023

Esma Selçuk , Didem Özkahraman , Yudi Gebri Foenna , Nilüfer Şahin Calapoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1273169

Abstract

Epigenetics are traits that are inherited and reflected
in the phenotype, independent of the DNA sequence.
There is a genetic predisposition to hyperglycemia;
however, the environment plays critical roles in its
development and progress. Epigenetic changes
often translate environmental stimuli into changes in
gene expression. Epigenetic factors are mainly DNA
methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs.
Epigenetic changes, which play a role in the regulation
of all biological processes, are closely related
to diseases such as autoimmune/inflammatory,
cardiovascular, cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes,
which are among the most important health problems
in the world and in our country. In particular, chronic
hyperglycemia, which plays a role in the pathogen of
diabetes and diabetes-related complications, affects
gene transcription through epigenetic mechanisms
such as DNA methylation, histone modifications
and microRNAs. In this review, we focused on
explaining the effects of hyperglycemia on epigenetic
mechanisms and the role of epigenetic changes it
causes in the pathogenesis of diseases.

Keywords

hyperglycemia, epigenetics, complications, hyperglycemic memory, DNA methylations, histone modifications

Project Number

YOK

HİPERGLİSEMİNİN EPİGENETİK MEKANİZMALAR İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

Epigenetik, DNA dizisinden bağımsız olarak fenotipe
yansıyan ve kalıtsal olarak aktarılabilen özelliklerdir.
Hiperglisemide genetik yatkınlık söz konusudur; ancak
çevre, gelişmesinde ve ilerlemesinde kritik roller
oynar. Epigenetik değişiklikler genellikle çevresel uyaranları
gen ifadesindeki değişikliklere çevirir. Epigenetik
faktörler, temel olarak DNA metilasyonu, histon
modifikasyonları ve mikroRNA'lardır. Tüm biyolojik
süreçlerin düzenlenmesinde rol oynayan epigenetik
değişiklikler, otoimmüne/inflamatuar, kardiyovasküler,
kanser, obezite ve tip 2 diyabet gibi tüm dünyada ve
ülkemizde önemli sağlık sorunlarının başında gelen
hastalıklar ile de yakından ilişkilidir. Özellikle diyabet
ve diyabetle ilişkili komplikasyonların patojeninizde rol
oynayan kronik hiperglisemi, DNA metilasyonu, histon
modifikasyonları ve mikro RNA’lar gibi epigenetik
mekanizmalar aracılığıyla gen transkripsiyonunu etkilemektedir.
Bu derlemede, hipergliseminin, epigenetik
mekanizmalar üzerindeki etkilerine ve yol açtığı epigenetik
değişimlerin hastalıklarların patogenezindeki
rollerini açıklamaya odaklandık.

Keywords

hiperglisemi, epigenetik, komplikasyonlar, hiperglisemik hafıza, DNA metilasyonları, histon modifikasyonları

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

Bu çalışmada emeği geçen, değerli hocamız Prof. Dr. Mustafa CALAPOĞLU'na teşekkür ederiz.

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