INVESTIGATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE-INDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL INJURY

Year 2024, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 21 - 29, 18.03.2024

Hayrunnisa Yesil Sarsmaz , Seren Gülşen Gürgen

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1292144

Abstract

Objective
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer
that is added to many ready-to-eat foods and is known
to be excitotoxic to neurons in the brain. The aim of
the study is to investigate immunohistochemically
the neural damage that occurs in the neurons in
the hippocampus regions of childhood rats, despite
the protective effects of eicosapentaenoic acid
(EPA) against the possible toxic effects of MSG and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is effective in
brain development.
Material and Method
A total of 24 Wistar albino rats will be used as 6
females in childhood in each group.
Group 1: Control group (0.9 % saline solution
1.3.5.7.9. days subcutaneous (sc),
Group 2: MSG administered (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days
sc),
Group 3: MSG + EPA administered (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9.
days sc + 300 mg/kg 9 days orally),
Group 4: MSG + DHA applied (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days
sc + 300 mg/kg 9 days orally), at the end of the 9th
day, the brain tissues will be placed in 10% neutral
formalin for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL
technique application in the hippocampus CA1 region.
Results
When the hippocampus CA1 region of the brains of
childhood rats was examined, S100β immunoreactivity
showed a strong and significant reaction in the MSG
group compared to the other groups (p=0.000). It was
observed that the difference between MSG+EPA
and MSG+DHA groups was insignificant (p<0.05).
GFAP immunoreactivity also showed a strong and
significant reaction in the MSG group compared to
the other groups (p=0.000). It was observed that
the difference between MSG+EPA and MSG+DHA
groups was insignificant both in comparison with each
other and with the control group (p<0.05). In the MSG
group, TUNEL showed a strong positive reaction in
neuroglial cells. Expression was weak in the control
group. TUNEL staining reaction was weak in the
control group. A decrease in TUNEL staining reaction
was detected in hippocampal neurons in all areas in
the MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA groups. No significant
difference was observed in the TUNEL staining
reaction between MSG+EPA and both the control
group and the MSG+DHA groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion
While MSG caused an increase in the positive
expression of S100β, GFAP and TUNEL in the
hippocampus CA1 region of the brain, MSG-EPA
and MSG-DHA caused a decrease in neuronal
expression and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons.
Therefore, it was concluded that the use of MSG
together with Omega-3 fatty acids in childhood may
have a protective effect against neuroglial damage
and apoptosis.

Keywords

MSG, Omega-3, TUNEL, S100β, GFAP

MONOSODYUM GLUTAMAT İLE İNDÜKLENMİŞ HİPOKAMPAL HASARDA OMEGA-3 YAĞ ASİTLERİNİN KORUYUCU ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Amaç
Monosodyum glutamat (MSG) birçok hazır besinin
içine katılan ve beyinde nöronlar üzerine eksitotoksik
olduğu bilinen lezzet arttırıcıdır. Çalışmanın amacı
çocukluk dönemindeki ratların hippokampus bölgelerindeki
nöronlarda, MSG’nın olası toksik etkisine karşı
eikosapentaenoik asit (EPA) ve beyin gelişiminde
etkili olan dokosaheksaenoik asit (DHA)’in koruyucu
etkilerine rağmen beyinde oluşan nöral hasarın immünohistokimyasal
incelenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Her bir grupta çocukluk döneminde olan 4 haftalık,
170-205 gr ağırlığında 6 adet, toplam 24 Wistar
albino dişi ratlar kullanılacaktır.
1. Grup: Kontrol grubu (0,9 % saline solution 1.3.5.7.9.
günler subcutan (sc) verildi,
2. Grup: MSG uygulanan (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. günler
sc),
3. Grup: MSG + EPA uygulanan (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9.
günler sc + 300 mg/kg 9 gün oral),
4. Grup: MSG + DHA uygulanan (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9.
günler sc + 300 mg/kg 9 günler oral), 9. Günün sonunda
beyin dokularının hipokampus CA1 bölgesinde
immünohistokimya ve TUNEL tekniği uygulaması için
%10 luk nötral formalin içine alınacaktır.
Bulgular
Çocukluk dönemindeki dişi ratların beyinlerinin hippokampüs
CA1 bölgesi incelendiğinde, S100β immunoreaktivitesi
MSG grubunda diğer gruplara göre kuvvetli
ve anlamlı reaksiyon gösterdi (p=0,000). MSG+EPA
ve MSG+DHA grupları arasında fark anlamsız olduğu
izlendi (p<0,05). GFAP immunoreaktivitesi yine MSG
grubunda diğer gruplara göre kuvvetli ve anlamlı reaksiyon
gösterdi (p=0,000). MSG+EPA ve MSG+DHA
grupları hem kendi aralarında hemde kontrol grubu
ile karşılaştırmalarında fark anlamsız olduğu gözlendi
(p<0.05). MSG grubunda nöroglial hücrelerde kuvvetli
TUNEL pozitif reaksiyon gösterdi. Kontrol grubunda
TUNEL boyama reakasiyonu zayıftı. MSG-EPA
ve MSG-DHA gruplarında tüm alanlarda hipokampal
nöronlarda TUNEL boyama reaksiyonunda azalma
saptandı. MSG+EPA ve hem kontrol grubu arasında
hem de MSG+DHA grupları arasında TUNEL boyama
reaksiyonunda anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi (p>0,05).
Sonuç
MSG, beyinde hipokampus CA1 bölgesinde, S100β,
GFAP ve TUNEL pozitif ekspresyonunda artışa neden
olurken, MSG-EPA ve MSG-DHA hippokampal nöronlarda
nöronal ekpresyonlarda ve apoptozisde azalmaya
neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle çocukluk döneminde
MSG’nin Omega-3 yağ asitleri ile birlikte kullanımının
nöroglial hasarlanma ve apoptozisten koruyucu etkisi
olabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

MSG, Omega-3, TUNEL, S100β, GFAP

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