Biyomimetik Dİş Hekimliği

Abstract

ÖZ Ağız içinde remineralizasyon ve demineralizasyon süreçleri bir denge halindedir. Bu dengenin bozulması durumunda çürük lezyonları gelişecektir. Başlangıç çürük lezyonları, remineralizasyon yoluyla kavitasyon oluşmadan önlenebilir. Böylece çürüğün ilerlediği aşamalarda meydana gelebilecek zorlu tedavilere gerek kalmadan diş yapısının korunması sağlanmış olur. Diş çürüğünün önlenmesi kapsamında, florun uzun yıllara ve çok sayıda araştırmaya dayanan etkili rolüne karşılık, son zamanlarda bu konuda biyolojik uyumlulukları, remineralizasyon kapasiteleri ve doğal süreçleri taklit edebilme kabiliyetleri açısından mikro ve nano hidroksiapatit, trikalsiyum fosfat, biyoaktif cam gibi biyoaktif formülasyonların kullanımı önerilmektedir. Remineralizasyon üzerine yapılan son araştırmalar, tamamen demineralize kollajen lifler içinde apatit kristalleri oluşturma yeteneğine sahip biyomimetik remineralizasyon materyallerine dayanmaktadır. Nano yapılı malzemeler, daha yüksek yüzey/hacim oranlarına sahip oldukları için mikro yapılı malzemelere göre üstün özelliklere sahiptirler. Nano yapılı malzemelere örnek olarak, kalsiyum florür nanopartikülleri, kalsiyum fosfat içerikli nanomateryaller, nanobioaktif cam materyalleri, nanohidroksilapatit partikülleri verilebilir. Bu nanopartikül içerikli biyomimetik materyaller, diş hekimliğinde minimal invaziv tedavilerin ve doğal diş dokusunun korunmasının önemli bir parçası haline gelmektedir. Bu materyaller, doğal diş dokusuna en yakın sonuçları sağlamak için tasarlanmıştır ve diş restorasyonlarının uzun ömürlü olmasını sağlar. Biyomimetik diş hekimliği, dişlerin doğal yapısını, işlevini ve estetiğini taklit etmeyi amaçlayan bir restoratif diş hekimliği disiplinidir. Biyomimetik diş hekimliğinin temel prensibi, estetik sonuçların korunmasıyla birlikte tam fonksiyonu geri kazandırmak ve tüm fonksiyonel stresleri taşımak için kaybolan diş dokularını uygun mekanik dayanıma sahip materyallerle değiştirmektir. Doğal diş yapısını taklit etmeyi amaçlayan bu yaklaşım sayesinde, adeziv restoratif materyaller üzerine yapılan çalışmalar yoğunlaştırılmıştır. Sırasıyla diş dokusunda meydana gelen madde kaybına bağlı olarak teşhis konulan endikasyona göre biyomimetik özellik gösteren restoratif materyaller ve tedavi seçenekleri incelenecektir.

Keywords

• biyomimetik
• çürük
• minimal invaziv tedavi
• remineralizasyon

BİOMİMETİC DENTİSTRY

Abstract

ABSTRACT: In the oral cavity, remineralization and demineralization processes are in delicate balance. Disruption of this balance can lead to the development of carious lesions Initial carious lesions can be prevented from cavitation through remineralization, thus preserving dental structure without the need for challenging treatments as decay progresses. In the prevention of dental caries, while fluoride has long played an effective role supported by numerous studies, recent focus has shifted towards the use of bioactive formulations such as micro and nano hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and bioactive glass, considering their biological compatibility, remineralization capacities, and ability to mimic natural processes. Recent research on remineralization relies on biomimetic remineralization materials capable of forming apatite crystals within completely demineralized collagen fibers. Nanostructured materials, having higher surface-to-volume ratios compared to microstructured ones, exhibit superior properties. Examples of nanostructured materials include calcium fluoride nanoparticles, calcium phosphate-based nanomaterials, nanobioactive glass materials, and nanohydroxyapatite particles. These nanoparticle- containing biomimetic materials have become a significant component in minimal invasive treatments and preservation of natural dental structure in dentistry. Designed to provide results closest to natural dental tissue, these materials ensure the longevity of dental restorations. Biomimetic dentistry is a discipline within restorative dentistry that aims to mimic the natural structure, function, and aesthetics of teeth. The fundamental principle of biomimetic dentistry is to restore lost dental tissues with materials possessing appropriate mechanical strength to regain full function while preserving aesthetic outcomes. With a focus on mimicking natural dental structure, research efforts have been intensified on adhesive restorative materials. Subsequently, this paper will examine biomimetic restorative materials and treatment options based on diagnoses related to substance loss in dental tissues.

Keywords

• biomimetic
• caries
• minimal invazive treatment
• remineralization

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