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COMPARISON OF WATER ABSORPTION AND RADIOPACITY OF PLA AND PETG WITH PMMA AND CLIP-F

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 377 - 381, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1614933
https://izlik.org/JA86RM93ZX

Abstract

Amaç: 3 boyutlu yazıcı ile üretilen polilaktik asit (PLA) ve polietilen tereftalat glikol (PETG) materyallerinin radyopasite ve su emilim özelliklerini, geleneksel materyaller olan polimetil metakrilat (PMMA) ve metakrilat bazlı ışıkla sertleşen geçici dolgu materyali (Clip-F-VOCO) ile değerlendirmek.
Materyaller ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma için PLA, PETG, PMMA ve Clip-F kullanıldı. Kontrol grubu olarak, çürüksüz bir molar dişten mine ve dentin içeren bir kesit alındı. Başlangıçta ve 14. günün sonunda, radyografik analiz için standart olarak kullanılan alüminyum basamak kama ile dijital radyograflar çekildi. Aynı dönemde örneklerin ağırlıkları da ölçüldü ve kaydedildi. Dijital radyografik görüntüler Image J yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Her bir numune için ortalama grilik değerleri (MGV'ler), alüminyum basamak kama kalınlığı ve diş kesiti arasındaki ilişki çizildi.
Bulgular: PETG ve PLA malzemeleri PMMA ve CLIP-F ile karşılaştırıldığında, başlangıçta düşük seviyede de olsa radyopasite değerlerinde önemli farklılıklar gözlendi, ancak 14 günlük su emiliminden sonra önemli bir fark gözlenmedi. Su emilim değerleri karşılaştırıldığında PETG'nin su emilim değerlerinin PLA'dan daha düşük olduğu görüldü.
Sonuçlar: En yüksek su emilim yüzdesi PLA örneklerinde (p<0.05), en düşük ise PETG'de (p<0.05) bulundu. Radyopasite değerleri açısından yaşlandırma öncesi ve sonrası yapılan ölçümlerde radyopasite sıralaması CLIP-F>PLA>PETG>PMMA şeklinde bulundu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: polilaktik asit (PLA); polietilen tereftalat glikol (PETG); 3D yazıcı; diş hekimliği

References

  • 1. Abduo J, Lyons K, Bennamoun M. Trends in computer-aided manufacturing in prosthodontics: a review of the available streams. Int J Dent. 2014; 2014:783948.
  • 2. van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater. 2012; 28:3-12.
  • 3. Vahidi F. The provisional restoration. Dent Clin North Am. 1987; 31:363-381.
  • 4. Lowe RA. The art and science of provisionalization. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1987; 7:64-73.
  • 5. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J. Contemporary fixed prosthodontics. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2006:1141.
  • 6. Barghi N, Simmons EW. The marginal integrity of the temporary acrylic resin crown. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1976; 36:274-277.
  • 7. Federick DR. The provisional fixed partial denture. J Prosthet Dent. 1975; 34:520-526.
  • 8. Nejatidanesh F, Lotfi HR, Savabi O. Marginal accuracy of interim restorations fabricated from four interim autopolymerizing resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:364-367.
  • 9. Kim SH, Watts DC. Polymerization shrinkage-strain kinetics of temporary crown and bridge materials. Dent Mater. 2004; 20:88-95.
  • 10. Naseri M, Ahangari Z, Shahbazi Moghadam M, Mohammadian M. Coronal sealing ability of three temporary filling materials. Iran Endod J. 2012; 7:20-4.
  • 11. Lachowski KM, Botta SB, Lascala CA, Matos AB, Sobral MA. Study of the radio-opacity of base and liner dental materials using a digital radiography system. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013; 42: 20120153.
  • 12. Sari T, Usumez A, Strasser T, Şahinbas A, Rosentritt M. Temporary materials: comparison of in vivo and in vitro performance. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24:4061-4068.
  • 13. Burns DR, Beck DA, Nelson SK. Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. A review of selected dental literature on contemporary provisional fixed prosthodontic treatment: report of the Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 90:474-497.
  • 14. Duymus ZY, Aydiner SF, Yanikoglu N. The effect of different staining solutions on the color stability of temporary crown materials. Niger J Clin Pract. 2023; 26:234-239.
  • 15. Ehrenberg D, Weiner GI, Weiner S. Long-term effects of storage and thermal cycling on the marginal adaptation of provisional resin crowns: a pilot study. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:230-236.
  • 16. Celik EU, Yapar AG, Ateş M, Sen BH. Bacterial microleakage of barrier materials in obturated root canals. J Endod. 2006; 32:1074-1076.
  • 17. ⁠Park JM, Jeon J, Koak JY, Kim SK, Heo SJ. Dimensional accuracy and surface characteristics of 3D-printed dental casts. J Prosthet Dent. 2021; 126:427-37.
  • 18. ⁠Lee KY, Cho JW, Chang NY, Chae JM, Kang KH, Kim SC, et al. Accuracy of three-dimensional printing for manufacturing replica teeth. Korean Journal of Orthodontics. 2015; 45:217.
  • 19. Avérous L. Polylactic acid: synthesis, properties and applications. In: monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources. Elsevier Ltd. 2008:433-450.
  • 20. Jin FL, Hu RR, Park SJ. Improvement of thermal behaviors of biodegradable poly (lactic acid) polymer: A review. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018; 1:164.
  • 21. Sharma M, Chadha B. Production of hemicellulolytic enzymes for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Pandey A, Larroche C, Ricke SC, Dussap C-G, Gnansounou E, editors. Biofuels- alternative feedstocks and conversion processess: Academic Press. 2011:203-228.
  • 22. Mehrpouya M, Vahabi H, Janbaz S, Darafsheh A, Mazur TR, Ramakrishna S. (2021). 4D printing of shape memory polylactic acid (PLA). Polymer. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124080
  • 23. Farah S, Anderson DG, Langer R. Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016; 107:367-92.
  • 24. da Silva D, Kaduri M, Poley M, et al. Biocompatibility, biodegradation and excretion of polylactic acid (PLA) in medical implants and theranostic systems. Chem Eng J. 2018; 340:9-14.
  • 25. Kharmanda G. Challenges and future perspectives for additively manufactured polylactic acid using fused filament fabrication in dentistry. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023; 14:334.
  • 26. Molinero-Mourelle P, Canals S, Gómez-Polo M, Solá-Ruiz MF, Del Río Highsmith J, Viñuela AC. Polylactic acid as a material for three-dimensional printing of provisional restorations. Int J Prosthodont. 2018; 31:349-350.
  • 27. Crenn MJ, Rohman G, Fromentin O, Benoit A. Polylactic acid as a biocompatible polymer for three-dimensional printing of interim prosthesis: Mechanical characterization. Dent Mater J. 2022; 41:110-116.
  • 28. Šimunović L, Čekalović Agović S, Marić AJ, et al. Color and chemical stability of 3D-printed and thermoformed polyurethane-based aligners. Polymers (Basel). 2024; 16:1067.
  • 29. Wuersching SN, Westphal D, Stawarczyk B, Edelhoff D, Kollmuss M. Surface properties and initial bacterial biofilm growth on 3D-printed oral appliances: a comparative in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig. 2023; 27:2667-2677.
  • 30. Shilov SY, Rozhkova YA, Markova LN, et al. Biocompatibility of 3D-printed PLA, PEEK and PETG: Adhesion of bone marrow and peritoneal lavage cells. Polymers. 2022; 14:3958.
  • 31. Yaylacı A, Karaarslan ES, Hatırlı H. Evaluation of the radiopacity of restorative materials with different structures and thicknesses using a digital radiography system. Imaging Sci Dent. 2021; 51:261-9.
  • 32. Firoozmand LM, Cordeiro MG, Da Silva MA, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Matos Maia Filho E. Radiopacity of methacrylate and silorane composite resins using a digital radiographic system. The Scientific World Journal. 2016; 2016:6389347.
  • 33. Lasprilla AJ, Martinez GA, Lunelli BH, Jardini AL, Filho RM. Poly-lactic acid synthesis for application in biomedical devices - a review. Biotechnol Adv. 2012; 30:321-328.
  • 34. Barsby MJ. A denture base resin with low water absorption. Journal of Dentistry. 1992; 20:240–244.
  • 35. Hancock BC, Zografi G. The relationship between the glass transition temperature and the water content of amorphous pharmaceutical solids. Pharm Res. 1994; 11:471-477.
  • 36. Ihssen BA, Willmann JH, Nimer A, Drescher D. Effect of in vitro aging by water immersion and thermocycling on the mechanical properties of PETG aligner material. J Orofac Orthop. 2019; 80:292-303.
  • 37. Daniele V, Macera L, Taglieri G, Spera L, Marzo G, Quinzi V. Color stability, chemico-physical and optical features of the most common PETG and PU based orthodontic aligners for clear aligner therapy. Polymers (Basel). 2021; 14:14.
  • 38. Tigmeanu CV, Ardelean LC, Rusu LC, Negrutiu ML. Additive Manufactured Polymers in Dentistry, Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives-A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2022 Sep 3;14(17):3658.
  • 39. Barazanchi A, Li KC, Al-Amleh B, Lyons K, Waddell JN. Additive Technology: Update on Current Materials and Applications in Dentistry. J Prosthodont. 2017 Feb;26(2):156–63
  • 40. Gu S, Rasimick BJ, Deutsch AS, Musikant BL. Radiopacity of dental materials using a digital X-ray system. Dent Mater. 2006; 22:765-770.
  • 41. Watts DC, McCabe JF. Aluminium radiopacity standards for dentistry: an international survey. J Dent. 1999; 27:73-78.
  • 42. Finger WJ, Ahlstrand WM, Fritz UB. Radiopacity of fiber-reinforced resin posts. Am J Dent. 2002; 15:81-84.
  • 43. Attar N, Tam LE, McComb D. Mechanical and physical properties of contemporary dental luting agents. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 89:127-134.

COMPARISON OF WATER ABSORPTION AND RADIOPACITY OF PLA AND PETG WITH PMMA AND CLIP-F

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 377 - 381, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1614933
https://izlik.org/JA86RM93ZX

Abstract

Amaç: 3 boyutlu yazıcı ile üretilen polilaktik asit (PLA) ve polietilen tereftalat glikol (PETG) materyallerinin radyopasite ve su emilim özelliklerini, geleneksel materyaller olan polimetil metakrilat (PMMA) ve metakrilat bazlı ışıkla sertleşen geçici dolgu materyali (Clip-F-VOCO) ile değerlendirmek.
Materyaller ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma için PLA, PETG, PMMA ve Clip-F kullanıldı. Kontrol grubu olarak, çürüksüz bir molar dişten mine ve dentin içeren bir kesit alındı. Başlangıçta ve 14. günün sonunda, radyografik analiz için standart olarak kullanılan alüminyum basamak kama ile dijital radyograflar çekildi. Aynı dönemde örneklerin ağırlıkları da ölçüldü ve kaydedildi. Dijital radyografik görüntüler Image J yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Her bir numune için ortalama grilik değerleri (MGV'ler), alüminyum basamak kama kalınlığı ve diş kesiti arasındaki ilişki çizildi.
Sonuçlar: En yüksek su emilim yüzdesi PLA örneklerinde (p<0.05), en düşük ise PETG'de (p<0.05) bulundu. Radyopasite değerleri açısından yaşlandırma öncesi ve sonrası yapılan ölçümlerde radyopasite sıralaması CLIP-F>PLA>PETG>PMMA şeklinde bulundu.
Bulgular: PETG ve PLA malzemeleri PMMA ve CLIP-F ile karşılaştırıldığında, başlangıçta düşük seviyede de olsa radyopasite değerlerinde önemli farklılıklar gözlendi, ancak 14 günlük su emiliminden sonra önemli bir fark gözlenmedi. Su emilim değerleri karşılaştırıldığında PETG'nin su emilim değerlerinin PLA'dan daha düşük olduğu görüldü.
Anahtar Kelimeler: polilaktik asit (PLA); polietilen tereftalat glikol (PETG); 3D yazıcı; diş hekimliği

Ethical Statement

This study was performed after receiving permission from the Ethics Committee of Kocaeli University (Decision Number: KU GOKAEK-2024/11.11).

References

  • 1. Abduo J, Lyons K, Bennamoun M. Trends in computer-aided manufacturing in prosthodontics: a review of the available streams. Int J Dent. 2014; 2014:783948.
  • 2. van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater. 2012; 28:3-12.
  • 3. Vahidi F. The provisional restoration. Dent Clin North Am. 1987; 31:363-381.
  • 4. Lowe RA. The art and science of provisionalization. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1987; 7:64-73.
  • 5. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J. Contemporary fixed prosthodontics. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2006:1141.
  • 6. Barghi N, Simmons EW. The marginal integrity of the temporary acrylic resin crown. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1976; 36:274-277.
  • 7. Federick DR. The provisional fixed partial denture. J Prosthet Dent. 1975; 34:520-526.
  • 8. Nejatidanesh F, Lotfi HR, Savabi O. Marginal accuracy of interim restorations fabricated from four interim autopolymerizing resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:364-367.
  • 9. Kim SH, Watts DC. Polymerization shrinkage-strain kinetics of temporary crown and bridge materials. Dent Mater. 2004; 20:88-95.
  • 10. Naseri M, Ahangari Z, Shahbazi Moghadam M, Mohammadian M. Coronal sealing ability of three temporary filling materials. Iran Endod J. 2012; 7:20-4.
  • 11. Lachowski KM, Botta SB, Lascala CA, Matos AB, Sobral MA. Study of the radio-opacity of base and liner dental materials using a digital radiography system. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013; 42: 20120153.
  • 12. Sari T, Usumez A, Strasser T, Şahinbas A, Rosentritt M. Temporary materials: comparison of in vivo and in vitro performance. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24:4061-4068.
  • 13. Burns DR, Beck DA, Nelson SK. Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. A review of selected dental literature on contemporary provisional fixed prosthodontic treatment: report of the Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 90:474-497.
  • 14. Duymus ZY, Aydiner SF, Yanikoglu N. The effect of different staining solutions on the color stability of temporary crown materials. Niger J Clin Pract. 2023; 26:234-239.
  • 15. Ehrenberg D, Weiner GI, Weiner S. Long-term effects of storage and thermal cycling on the marginal adaptation of provisional resin crowns: a pilot study. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:230-236.
  • 16. Celik EU, Yapar AG, Ateş M, Sen BH. Bacterial microleakage of barrier materials in obturated root canals. J Endod. 2006; 32:1074-1076.
  • 17. ⁠Park JM, Jeon J, Koak JY, Kim SK, Heo SJ. Dimensional accuracy and surface characteristics of 3D-printed dental casts. J Prosthet Dent. 2021; 126:427-37.
  • 18. ⁠Lee KY, Cho JW, Chang NY, Chae JM, Kang KH, Kim SC, et al. Accuracy of three-dimensional printing for manufacturing replica teeth. Korean Journal of Orthodontics. 2015; 45:217.
  • 19. Avérous L. Polylactic acid: synthesis, properties and applications. In: monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources. Elsevier Ltd. 2008:433-450.
  • 20. Jin FL, Hu RR, Park SJ. Improvement of thermal behaviors of biodegradable poly (lactic acid) polymer: A review. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018; 1:164.
  • 21. Sharma M, Chadha B. Production of hemicellulolytic enzymes for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Pandey A, Larroche C, Ricke SC, Dussap C-G, Gnansounou E, editors. Biofuels- alternative feedstocks and conversion processess: Academic Press. 2011:203-228.
  • 22. Mehrpouya M, Vahabi H, Janbaz S, Darafsheh A, Mazur TR, Ramakrishna S. (2021). 4D printing of shape memory polylactic acid (PLA). Polymer. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124080
  • 23. Farah S, Anderson DG, Langer R. Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016; 107:367-92.
  • 24. da Silva D, Kaduri M, Poley M, et al. Biocompatibility, biodegradation and excretion of polylactic acid (PLA) in medical implants and theranostic systems. Chem Eng J. 2018; 340:9-14.
  • 25. Kharmanda G. Challenges and future perspectives for additively manufactured polylactic acid using fused filament fabrication in dentistry. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2023; 14:334.
  • 26. Molinero-Mourelle P, Canals S, Gómez-Polo M, Solá-Ruiz MF, Del Río Highsmith J, Viñuela AC. Polylactic acid as a material for three-dimensional printing of provisional restorations. Int J Prosthodont. 2018; 31:349-350.
  • 27. Crenn MJ, Rohman G, Fromentin O, Benoit A. Polylactic acid as a biocompatible polymer for three-dimensional printing of interim prosthesis: Mechanical characterization. Dent Mater J. 2022; 41:110-116.
  • 28. Šimunović L, Čekalović Agović S, Marić AJ, et al. Color and chemical stability of 3D-printed and thermoformed polyurethane-based aligners. Polymers (Basel). 2024; 16:1067.
  • 29. Wuersching SN, Westphal D, Stawarczyk B, Edelhoff D, Kollmuss M. Surface properties and initial bacterial biofilm growth on 3D-printed oral appliances: a comparative in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig. 2023; 27:2667-2677.
  • 30. Shilov SY, Rozhkova YA, Markova LN, et al. Biocompatibility of 3D-printed PLA, PEEK and PETG: Adhesion of bone marrow and peritoneal lavage cells. Polymers. 2022; 14:3958.
  • 31. Yaylacı A, Karaarslan ES, Hatırlı H. Evaluation of the radiopacity of restorative materials with different structures and thicknesses using a digital radiography system. Imaging Sci Dent. 2021; 51:261-9.
  • 32. Firoozmand LM, Cordeiro MG, Da Silva MA, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Matos Maia Filho E. Radiopacity of methacrylate and silorane composite resins using a digital radiographic system. The Scientific World Journal. 2016; 2016:6389347.
  • 33. Lasprilla AJ, Martinez GA, Lunelli BH, Jardini AL, Filho RM. Poly-lactic acid synthesis for application in biomedical devices - a review. Biotechnol Adv. 2012; 30:321-328.
  • 34. Barsby MJ. A denture base resin with low water absorption. Journal of Dentistry. 1992; 20:240–244.
  • 35. Hancock BC, Zografi G. The relationship between the glass transition temperature and the water content of amorphous pharmaceutical solids. Pharm Res. 1994; 11:471-477.
  • 36. Ihssen BA, Willmann JH, Nimer A, Drescher D. Effect of in vitro aging by water immersion and thermocycling on the mechanical properties of PETG aligner material. J Orofac Orthop. 2019; 80:292-303.
  • 37. Daniele V, Macera L, Taglieri G, Spera L, Marzo G, Quinzi V. Color stability, chemico-physical and optical features of the most common PETG and PU based orthodontic aligners for clear aligner therapy. Polymers (Basel). 2021; 14:14.
  • 38. Tigmeanu CV, Ardelean LC, Rusu LC, Negrutiu ML. Additive Manufactured Polymers in Dentistry, Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives-A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2022 Sep 3;14(17):3658.
  • 39. Barazanchi A, Li KC, Al-Amleh B, Lyons K, Waddell JN. Additive Technology: Update on Current Materials and Applications in Dentistry. J Prosthodont. 2017 Feb;26(2):156–63
  • 40. Gu S, Rasimick BJ, Deutsch AS, Musikant BL. Radiopacity of dental materials using a digital X-ray system. Dent Mater. 2006; 22:765-770.
  • 41. Watts DC, McCabe JF. Aluminium radiopacity standards for dentistry: an international survey. J Dent. 1999; 27:73-78.
  • 42. Finger WJ, Ahlstrand WM, Fritz UB. Radiopacity of fiber-reinforced resin posts. Am J Dent. 2002; 15:81-84.
  • 43. Attar N, Tam LE, McComb D. Mechanical and physical properties of contemporary dental luting agents. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 89:127-134.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Restorative Dentistry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Engin Saçu 0009-0005-7560-7426

Meltem Oğhan Türkoğlu 0000-0002-9908-590X

Vildan Turgut 0009-0007-6898-9133

Göktuğ Yersel 0000-0001-6841-1584

Sinan Fidan 0000-0003-4385-4981

Mustafa Özgür Bora 0000-0003-0921-418X

Satılmış Ürgün 0000-0003-3889-6909

Neslihan Tekçe 0000-0002-5447-3159

Submission Date January 7, 2025
Acceptance Date June 24, 2025
Publication Date December 29, 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1614933
IZ https://izlik.org/JA86RM93ZX
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver 1.Engin Saçu, Meltem Oğhan Türkoğlu, Vildan Turgut, Göktuğ Yersel, Sinan Fidan, Mustafa Özgür Bora, Satılmış Ürgün, Neslihan Tekçe. COMPARISON OF WATER ABSORPTION AND RADIOPACITY OF PLA AND PETG WITH PMMA AND CLIP-F. Selcuk Dent J. 2025 Dec. 1;12(3):377-81. doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1614933