Doğal Bitki Bileşiklerinden Oluşan Polifenollerin Ağız Sağlığının İyileştirilmesi Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Oral kavite; bukkal ve vestibüler mukoza, dudaklar, yanak, damak ve dişleri içeren mikrobiyal kolonizasyon için benzersiz habitat sağlayan insan vücudunun karmaşık bir alanıdır. Oral ve periodontal hastalıklar, oral mikrobiyomdaki dengesizlik ve ardından gelen konakçı bağışıklık tepkisinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ağız hastalıklarına karşı koruyucu stratejiler mekanik temizlik ve yardımcı antimikrobiyallerin kullanılmasını içerir. Antimikrobiyallerin aşırı kullanımı, bakteri direncini artırarak bu ajanların etkinliğini azaltabilir. Polifenoller, bitkiler tarafından olumsuz koşullarda sentezlenen bileşenlerdir. Günlük beslenmeyle birlikte değişik oranlarda alınan polifenoller sebzelerde, meyvelerde, çay, kahve gibi içeceklerin içeriğinde bulunurlar. Bugüne kadar 8.000’den fazla farklı yapıya sahip polifenolik bileşik tanımlanmıştır. Bu bileşikler içerdikleri fenol halkalarının sayısına göre ve bu halkaları birbirine bağlayan yapısal elementlere göre dört ana gruba ayrılmaktadırlar. Bu gruplar: fenolik asitler, flavonoidler, stilbenler ve lignanlardır. Polifenollerin yapılan çalışmalar sonucu antitrombotik, antienflamatuar, antioksidan, antibakteriyel, antiviral özellikleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Polifenoller, oral patojenik bakterilerin yapışmasını ve biyofilm oluşumunu önleme, periodontal patojenlerin neden olduğu konakçı enflamatuar cevabı inhibe etme ve oksidatif stresi azaltma, ağız kokusuna neden olan uçucu sülfür bileşiklerinin azaltılması, oral kanser hücrelerinin çoğalma ve bölünmesini engelleme gibi özelliklere sahiptirler. Bu nedenle polifenollerin, ağız sağlığının iyileştirilmesi amaçlı doğal tedavide iyi bir aday olarak karşımıza çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı polifenollerin ağız sağlığı üzerine etkileri hakkında bilgi vererek polifenollerin kullanıldığı çalışmaların sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Anahtar Kelimeler:Ağız sağlığı; koruyucu diş hekimliği; polifenoller

Keywords

• ağız sağlığı
• koruyucu diş hekimliği
• polifenoller

Effects Of Polyphenols Derived From Natural Plant Compounds On Oral Health Improvement

Abstract

The oral cavity is a complex area of the human body that provides a unique habitat for microbial colonization, including the buccal and vestibular mucosa, lips, cheeks, palate, and teeth. Oral and periodontal diseases arise from an imbalance in the oral microbiome followed by a host immune response. Protective strategies against oral diseases include mechanical cleaning and the use of auxiliary antimicrobials. However, excessive use of antimicrobials can increase bacterial resistance and reduce the efficacy of these agents. Polyphenols are compounds synthesized by plants under adverse conditions. Polyphenols, which are consumed in varying amounts through daily nutrition, are found in vegetables, fruits, and beverages such as tea and coffee. To date, more than 8.000 different polyphenolic compounds have been identified. These compounds are classified into four main groups based on the number of phenol rings they contain and the structural elements that bind these rings: phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. Studies have shown that polyphenols possess antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Polyphenols can prevent the adhesion of oral pathogenic bacteria and biofilm formation, inhibit the host inflammatory response caused by periodontal pathogens, reduce oxidative stress, decrease volatile sulfur compounds responsible for halitosis, and inhibit the proliferation and division of oral cancer cells. Therefore, polyphenols are considered promising candidates for natural treatments aimed at improving oral health. The purpose of this review is to provide information on the effects of polyphenols on oral health and to evaluate the results of studies conducted using polyphenols. Key Words:Oral health; preventive dentistry; polyphenols

Keywords

• Oral health
• preventive dentistry
• polyphenols

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