Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems

Alpaslan Can Çelik; Nimet Ünlü; Sultan Gizem Ülkü

doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738

Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of application according to manufacturers’ instructions and sonic activation on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin of a universal adhesive system and a two-step self-etch adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Forty caries-free human molars were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10) based on adhesive system and application mode (slight rubbing or sonic activation). A universal adhesive system (Nova Compo B Plus [NC]; Imicryl, Turkey) and a two-step self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond [SE]; Kuraray, Japan) were evaluated. Each adhesive was applied either with a slight rubbing motion, as recommended by the manufacturers, or with sonic activation. All teeth were restored with a composite resin compatible with the respective adhesive system. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, specimens were sectioned into stick-shaped samples with a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.9 mm². Microtensile bond strength testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and failure modes were assessed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05), and failure mode distributions were evaluated using the chi-square test. Results: Adhesive failures were observed in all groups. Sonic application significantly reduced the µTBS of the universal adhesive system compared with conventional rubbing application (P < 0.05). However, sonic activation did not significantly affect the dentin bond strength of the two-step self-etch adhesive system. Conclusion: The effect of sonic application on dentin bond strength appears to be adhesive-system dependent. While sonic activation adversely affected the bonding performance of the simplified universal adhesive system, it had no significant effect on the bond strength of the two-step self-etch adhesive system.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Dental Materials and Equipment, Restorative Dentistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Alpaslan Can Çelik ^*
0009-0008-9542-8566
Türkiye

Nimet Ünlü
Türkiye

Sultan Gizem Ülkü
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 27, 2026

Submission Date

December 22, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 13 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA65AE56BW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çelik, A. C., Ünlü, N., & Ülkü, S. G. (2026). Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems. Selcuk Dental Journal, 13(1), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738

AMA

1.Çelik AC, Ünlü N, Ülkü SG. Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems. Selcuk Dent J. 2026;13(1):123-128. doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738

Chicago

Çelik, Alpaslan Can, Nimet Ünlü, and Sultan Gizem Ülkü. 2026. “Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems”. Selcuk Dental Journal 13 (1): 123-28. https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738.

EndNote

Çelik AC, Ünlü N, Ülkü SG (April 1, 2026) Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems. Selcuk Dental Journal 13 1 123–128.

IEEE

[1]A. C. Çelik, N. Ünlü, and S. G. Ülkü, “Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems”, Selcuk Dent J, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 123–128, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738.

ISNAD

Çelik, Alpaslan Can - Ünlü, Nimet - Ülkü, Sultan Gizem. “Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems”. Selcuk Dental Journal 13/1 (April 1, 2026): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738.

JAMA

1.Çelik AC, Ünlü N, Ülkü SG. Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems. Selcuk Dent J. 2026;13:123–128.

MLA

Çelik, Alpaslan Can, et al. “Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems”. Selcuk Dental Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 123-8, doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738.

Vancouver

1.Alpaslan Can Çelik, Nimet Ünlü, Sultan Gizem Ülkü. Effect of Sonic Application Mode on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Systems. Selcuk Dent J. 2026 Apr. 1;13(1):123-8. doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1846738