EFFECTS OF VARYING INLET IRON AND MANGANESE CONCENTRATIONS ON SLOW SAND FILTER PERFORMANCE

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 505 - 515, 01.12.2016

Neslihan Manav Demir Elif Burcu Atcı Selami Demir

Öz

In this study a laboratory-scale slow sand filter (SSF) is used for removal of iron and manganese and the effects of various inlet concentrations on removal efficiency were investigated. SSF was operated at a filtration rate of 0.2 m.h-1 with two different synthetic inlet waters (Run1 and Run2). Iron and manganese concentrations in two runs were 1.09±0.13mg.L-1–1.06±0.10 mg.L-1 for Run1 and 2.02±0.15 mg.L-1–2.10±0.14 mg.L-1 for Run2. In Run1, the removal efficiencies of 96.3±2.48%, 92.3±6.1%, 92.6±5.7%, and 55.3±8.3% were obtained for turbidity, iron, manganese and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. In Run2, on the other hand, the removal efficiencies were obtained as 97.9±1.3%, 93.1±8.1%, 94.4±5.8%, and 55.5±6.8%, respectively. Results suggested that the SSF was the most efficient in turbidity removal at a filtration rate of 0.2 m.h-1. Sequence analyses of DGGE bands from Run1 and Run2 were also performed and results indicated that a range of bacteria were present, with 16S rRNA gene sequences similar to groups such as Gallionella, Leptothrix, Crenothrix, and an uncharacterized environmental clone.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Slow sand filter, iron-manganese removal, microbial community, schmutzdecke

Kaynakça

• [1] Ma J., Guo H., Lei M., Wan X., Zhang H., Feng X., Wei R., Tian L., Han X., (2016) Blocking effect of colloids on arsenate adsorption during co-transport through saturated sand columns, Environmental Pollution 213, 638-647.
• [2] Hedegaard M.J., Arvin E., Corfitzen C.B., Albrechtsen H.J., (2014) Mecoprop (MCPP) removal in full-scale rapid sand filters at a groundwater-based waterworks, Science of the Total Environment 499, 257–264.
• [3] Albers C.N., Feld L., Ellegaard-Jensen L., Aamand J., (2015) Degradation of trace concentrations of the persistent groundwater pollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) in bioaugmented rapid sand filters, Water Research 83, 61-70.
• [4] EPA Storm Water Technology Fact Sheet Sand Filters, EPA 832-F-99-007, 1999.
• [5] Grace M.A., Healy M.G., Clifford E., (2016) Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media, Journal of Environmental Management 180, 102-110.
• [6] D'Alessio M., Yoneyama B., Kirs M., Kisand V., Ray C., (2015) Pharmaceutically active compounds: Their removal during slow sand filtration and their impact on slow sand filtration bacterial removal, Science of the Total Environment 524–525, 124–135.
• [7] Nitzsche K.S., Weigold P., Lösekann-Behrens T., Kappler A., Behrens S., (2015) Microbial community composition of a household sand filter used for arsenic, iron, and manganese removal from groundwater in Vietnam, Chemosphere 138, 47–59.
• [8] Bruins J.H., Petrusevski B., Slokar Y.M., Huysman K., Joris K., Kruithof J.C., Kennedy M.D., (2015) Biological and physico-chemical formation of Birnessite during the ripening of manganese removal filters, Water Research 69, 154-161.
• [9] Nitzsche K.S., Lan V.M., Trang P.T.K., Viet P.H., Berg M., Voegelin A., Planer-Friedrich B., Zahoransky J., Müller S.K., Byrne J.M., Schröder C., Behrens S., Kappler A., (2015) Arsenic removal from drinking water by a household sand filter in Vietnam — Effect of filter usage practices on arsenic removal efficiency and microbiological water quality, Science of the Total Environment 502, 526–536.
• [10] Patil D.S., Chavan S.M., Oubagaranadin J.U.K., (2016) A review of technologies for manganese removal from wastewaters, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, 468–487.
• [11] Manav Demir N., (2016) Experimental Study of Factors that Affect Iron and Manganese Removal in Slow Sand Filters and Identification of Responsible Microbial Species, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 25 (4), 1453-1465.
• [12] Dai Y., Zhang J., Xie S., (2016) Bacterial communities in drinking water distribution systems, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF515099 [accessed Oct 27, 2016].
• [13] Liu Z., Huang S., Sun G., Xu Z., Xu M., (2012) Phylogenetic diversity, composition and distribution of bacterioplankton community in the Dongjiang River, China, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 80 (1), 30-44.
• [14] Sakurai K., Tazaki K., Yamaguchi K., (2006) Identification of bacteria in an iron-oxidation biofilm at Shibayama lagoon, Ishikawa, Japan, Published Only in Database (2006), Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB252929 [accessed Oct 27, 2016].
• [15] Blothe M., Roden E.E., (2009) Microbial iron redox cycling in a circumneutral-pH groundwater seep, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75, 468-473.
• [16] Gulay A., Tatari K., Musovic S., Mateiu R.V., Albrechtsen H.J., Smets B.F., (2014) Internal porosity of mineral coating supports microbial activity in rapid sand filters for groundwater treatment, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 7010-7020.
• [17] Douterelo I., Sharpe R., Boxall J., (2014) Bacterial community dynamics during the early stages of biofilm formation in a chlorinated experimental drinking water distribution system: implications for drinking water discolouration, J. Appl. Microbiol. 117, 286-301.
• [18] Mitsunobu S., Makita H., Kikuchi S., (2016) Biogenic iron oxyhydroxides characterized by directly coupled phylogenetic and chemical speciation, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB670152 [accessed Oct 27, 2016].
• [19] Kwon S., Moon E., Kim T.S., Hong S., Park H.D., (2011) Pyrosequencing demonstrated complex microbial communities in a membrane filtration system for a drinking water treatment plant, Microbes Environ. 26, 149-155.
• [20] Islam A.A., Tobiaso J.E., (2016) Release of manganese from groundwater treatment filter media, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JQ288616 [accessed Oct 27, 2016].
• [21] Corstjens P.L.A.M., de Vrind J.P.M., Goosen T., de Vrind-de Jong E.W., (1997) Identification and Molecular Analysis of the Leptothrix discophora SS-1 mofA Gene, a Gene Putatively Encoding a Manganese Oxidizing Protein with Copper Domains, Geomicrobiol. J. 14, 91-108.
• [22] Ma G.X., Pei H.Y., Ji Y., (2016) Study on Microbial Community in Drinking Water Sludge by PCR-DGGE, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JN936833 [accessed Oct 27, 2016].
• [23] Lin C.F., Larsen E.I., Nothdurft L.D., Smith J.J., (2012) Neutrophilic, microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats of a subtropical Australian coastal catchment, Geomicrobiol. J. 29, 76-87.
• [24] Nousiainen A.O., Bjorklof K., Sagarkar S., Nielsen J.L., Kapley A., Jorgensen K.S., (2015) Bioremediation strategies for removal of residual atrazine in the boreal groundwater zone, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99, 10249-10259.
• [25] Johnson K.W., McDonald W., Carmichael M.J., Rose N., Pitchford J., Windelspecht M., Karatan E., Brauer S.L., (2016) Increased abundance of Gallionella spp., Leptothrix spp. and total bacteria in response to enhanced Mn and Fe concentrations in a disturbed southern Appalachian high elevation wetland, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU572372 [accessed Oct 27, 2016].
• [26] Katsoyiannis I.A., Zouboulis A.I., (2004) Biological treatment of Mn(II) and Fe(II) containing groundwater: kinetic considerations and product characterization, Water Research 38, 1922–1932.
• [27] Li X., Chu Z., Liu Y., Zhu M., Yang L., Zhang J., (2013) Molecular characterization of microbial populations in full-scale biofilters treating iron, manganese and ammonia containing groundwater in Harbin, China, Bioresource Technology 147, 234-239.
• [28] Tech Brief Slow Sand Filtration, A National Drinking Water Clearinghouse Fact Sheet, 2000.
• [29] Visscher J.T., Paramasivan R., Raman A., Heijnen H.A., (1987) Slow Sand Filtration for community Water Supply planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance, Technical Paper No. 24, ed: International Reference Centre for Community Water Supply and Sanitation, Hague, Netherland.
• [30] Haig S.J., Collins G., Davies R.L., Dorea C.C., Quince C., (2011) Biological aspects of slow sand filtration: past, present and future, Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 11 (4), 468-472.
• [31] Du X., Liu G., Qu F., Li K., Shao S., Li G., Liang H., (2017) Removal of iron, manganese and ammonia from groundwater using a PAC-MBR system: The anti-pollution ability, microbial population and membrane fouling, Desalination 403, 97-106.
• [32] Yang L., Li X., Chu Z., Ren Y., Zhang J., (2014) Distribution and genetic diversity of the microorganisms in the biofilter for the simultaneous removal of arsenic, iron and manganese from simulated groundwater, Bioresource Technology 156, 384–388.
• [33] Gibert O., Lefevre B., Fernandez M., Bernat X., Paraira M., Pons M., (2013) Fractionation and removal of dissolved organic carbon in a full-scale granular activated carbon filter used for drinking water production, Water Research 47, 2821-2829.