Göçün Güvenlikleştirilmesine Yeni Bir Bakış: Türkiye’de Yaşayan Suriyeli Mültecilerin Gözünden Avrupa Birliği Politikaları

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Soğuk Savaş sonrasında önem kazanan ve 2015 yılında en yüksek noktasına varmadan önce gündeme gelen göç konusunu “inşa edilmiş” sosyal güvensizlik tehdidi olarak sunmaktır. Çalışma devam etmekte olan mülteci krizinden hareketle, güvenlikleştirme teorisini Türkiye’de yaşamakta olan Suriyeli yerleşimci bir örneklem grup ile derinlemesine mülakatlar yoluyla araştırmış ve bu grubun Türkiye’yi seçme nedenlerinin Avrupa’ya ilişkin kültürel güvensizlik algılarıyla ilgili olup olmadığını tespit etmeye çalışmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen mülakatlar Kasım ve Aralık 2019 tarihlerinde yürütülmüş ve Suriyeli mülteci nüfusunun en yoğun olduğu Gaziantep, Antakya ve İstanbul illerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda güvenlikleştirme teorisi ve Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen mülakatlar arasındaki bağın, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) kültürel manada homojen bir toplum yaratma çabası ve bu homojenliğe müdahale eden her türlü farklılığın bir tehdit olarak görülebilmesi durumunu akılda tutarak, Suriyeli mültecilerdeki bilincin açığa çıkması için bir ışık tutmasına çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Avrupa Birliği
• göçün güvenlikleştirilmesi
• Suriyeli mülteciler
• konuşma analizi
• popülist partiler

Securitisation of Migration Revisited: European Union Policies Through the Lens of Syrian Refugees Living in Turkey

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to present migration as a ‘constructed’ societal insecurity threat that became substantial after the Cold War before peaking in 2015. This study applies securitization theory to the ongoing refugee crisis through in-depth interviews with a sample of Syrian settlers in Turkey to determine whether their reasons for choosing to stay in Turkey are linked to their perceptions of cultural insecurity in Europe. The interviews were made in November and December 2019 in Gaziantep, Antakya and İstanbul where most of the Syrian refugees are located. In that sense, the link between the securitisation theory and the interviews made in Turkey attempts to shed light on the awareness of Syrian refugees regarding the fact that the European Union (EU) has tried to create a culturally homogenous society and any kind of difference interfering in this homogeneity can be seen as a threat.

Keywords

• European Union
• securitisation of migration
• Syrian refugees
• speech analysis
• populist parties

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