İnsani Yardımın Yerelleştirilmesi ve Suçlamadan Kaçınma Arasında: Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin Yönetiminde İkilemler

Year 2023, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 75 - 94, 08.04.2023

Marc Smyrl Ceren Ark Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2023.32.1247858

Abstract

2019 ve 2020 yıllarında Türkiye'de gerçekleştirilen gözlemlere ve kilit aktörlerle yapılandırılmamış görüşmelere dayanan bu çalışma, zorunlu göçün yönetiminde egemenlik ve ulus ötesi̇ işbirliği̇ dinamiklerini̇ ele almakta ve “insani yardım yönetimi ve ulusal sosyal koruma programları ne ölçüde birbirine yakınlaşabilir?” sorusuna odaklanmaktadır. 2016 insani yardım zirvesinde, insani yardım yönetiminde sosyal politika araçlarına ve aktörlerine daha fazla ağırlık verilmesi gereken bir uluslararası insani yardım yönetişimi modeli önerilmiştir. Makalede, bu politika değişikliğinin sınırlarını test etmek için Türkiye'deki geçici koruma altındaki Suriyelilere verilen nakit desteği örneği kullanılmaktadır. Zorunlu göçmenleri kamu kaynaklarından destekleme, seçmenler tarafından istenmeyen bir eylem olarak görüldüğü sürece, “suçlamadan kaçınmak” için ev sahibi ülke hükümetlerinin uluslararası oluşturulan bu normu tam olarak uygulayamayacağını savunuyoruz. Bir başka değişle, bu makalenin ana iddiası "Suçlamadan kaçınmanın”, insani yardım araçlarının ulusal sosyal koruma araçlarıyla tam olarak yakınlaşmasını engelleyen temel neden olduğudur.

Keywords

Göç, İnsani Yardım, Nakit Destek, Suçlamadan Kaçınma

Between Locally Led Response and Domestic Blame Avoidance: Dilemmas in the Management of Syrians in Turkey

Abstract

Based on observations and unstructured interviews with key actors conducted in Turkey in 2019 and 2020, this study considers the dynamics of sovereignty and transnational cooperation in the management of forced migration. We focus in particular on the question: to what extent can humanitarian governance and host-country social protection schemes converge? The 2016 humanitarian summit recommended a model of international humanitarian governance in which social policy instruments and actors should be given greater weight in humanitarian management. In this paper, we use the case of humanitarian assistance to Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey to test the limits of this policy shift. We argue that as long as supporting forced migrants from public resources is seen as an undesirable action by voters, host country governments must balance implementation of this internationally established norm with attention to “blame avoidance.” "Avoiding blame is the main obstacle preventing the full convergence of humanitarian aid instruments with national social protection instruments.

Keywords

Migration, Humanitarian Assistance, Cash Transfer, Blame Avoidance

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