Prostatik Adenokarsinomlarda Triptaz ve Kimaz Ekspresyon Farklılıkları

Abstract

Amaç: Mast hücrelerinin (MCs) rolleri birçok tümörde çeşitli biyolojik süreçlerde gösterilmiştir. MCs, artan anjiyogenez yoluyla tümör progresyonunda rol oynar. Triptaz ve kimaz, mast hücre granüllerinde depolanır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, prostat adenokarsinomalarında (PA) triptaz ve kimaz arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, 2012-2014 yılları arasında Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Patoloji Bölümü'nde histopatolojik olarak PA tanısı alan 134 hastanın parafine gömülü numunesinde yürütülmüştür. Parafine gömülü PA numuneleri 3 μm kalınlığında kesilmiştir. Kesitler triptaz ve kimaz ile boyanmıştır.

Bulgular: Mast Hücre Kimazının (MCC), intratümöral bölgelerde peritümöral bölgelere göre daha çok biriktiği gözlenmiştir (sırasıyla ortalama: 14,28 ± 14,06, ortalama: 12,12 ± 12,56). Mast Hücre Triptazı (MCT), intratümöral ve peritümöral bölgelerde MCC'den daha fazla birikmiştir (P<0,001). MCT’nin, peritümöral bölgelerde, intratümöral bölgelere göre daha fazla biriktiği gözlenmiştir (sırasıyla; 33.94 ± 20.09, ortalama: 33,50 ± 18,65). MCT ve MCC’nin intratümöral alan ve peritümöral alanla ilişkisi karşılaştırıldı. MCT’de anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0.723). Bununla birlikte, MCC intratümöral alanda peritümöral alandan daha fazla bulundu (p=0.007).

Sonuç: Mast hücreleri PA için önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Malign progresyonda MCC, MCT'den daha önemli olabilir.

Keywords

• Triptaz,kimaz,prostatik adenokarsinomlar

Tryptase and Chymase Expression Differences in Prostatic Adenocarsinomas

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: The roles of mast cells (MCs)  have been demonstrated in various biologic processes in the many tumors. MCs play some roles in tumor progression via increasing angiogenesis. Tryptase and chymase are stored in the mast cell granules. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of tryptase and chymase in prostatic adenocarcinomas (PA).

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 134 paraffin-embedded PA samples, which were histopathologically diagnosed at the Department of Pathology of medicine Hospital between 2012 and 2014. Paraffin-embedded PA samples 3 μm in thickness, were then cut. The slides were stained with tryptase and chymase.

Result: Mast Cell Chymase (MCC) was observed that intratumoral areas more acumulate than peritumoral areas (respectively; mean: 14,28 ± 14,06, mean: 12,12 ± 12,56). Mast Cell Tryptase (MCT) was more acumulated than MCC in intratumoral and peritumoral areas (P<0,001). MCT was observed that peritumoral areas more acumulate than intratumoral areas (respectively; mean: 33,94 ± 20,09, mean: 33,50 ± 18,65). MCT and MCC compared with regard to intratumoral area and peritumoral area. There wasn’t significant difference with MCT (p=0.723). However, MCC was found intratumoral area more than peritumoral area (p=0.007).

Conclusion: Mast cells may play an important role for PA. MCC might be more important than MCT in malignant progression.

Keywords

• Tryptase,chymase,prostatic adenocarcinomas

References

1. 1. Galli SJ, Nakae S, Tsai M. Mast cells in the development of adaptive immune responses. Nat. Immunol, 2005; 6, 135-42.
2. 2. Sayed BA, Christy A, Quirion MR, Brown MA. The master switch: The role of mast cells in autoimmunity and tolerance. Annu Rev Immunol, 2008; 6, 705-39.
3. 3. Slatter A, Smallman LA, Drake-Lee AB. Increasein epithelial mast cell numbers in the nasal mucosa of patientswith perennial allergic rhinitis. J Laryngol Otol.1996;110:929-933.
4. 4. Yakanaka K, Fujisawa M, Tanaka H, Okada H, ArakawaS, Kamidono S. Significance of human testicular mast cells and their subtypes in male infertility. Human Reproduction.2000; 15: 1543-1547.
5. 5. Gupta RK. Mast cell variations in prostate and urinary bladder. Arch Pathol.1970; 89: 302-305.
6. 6. Ch’ng S, Wallis RA, Yuan L, Davis PF, Tan ST. Mast cells and cutaneous malignancies. Mod Pathol.2006; 19:149-159.
7. 7. Yong LC. The mast cell: origin, morphology, distribution,and function. Exp Toxicol Pathol.1997; 49: 409-424.
8. 8. Ribatti D, Crivellato E. The controversial role of mast cells in tumor growth. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol, 2009; 275, 89-131.

9. 9. Artuc M, Steckelings M, Henz BM. Mast cell–fibroblast interactions: human mast cells as source and inducer of fibroblast and epithelial growth factors. J Invest Dermatol,2002; 118, 391-5.
10. 10. Fukushima H, Ohsawa M, Ikura Y, et al. Mast cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; their role in fibrosis. Histopathology,2006; 49, 498-505.
11. 11. Desai RS, Mamatha GS, Khatri MJ, Shetty SJ. Immunohistochemical expression of CD34 for characterization and quantification of mucosal vasculature and its probable role in malignant transformation of atrophic epithelium in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol.2010;46: 553-558.
12. 12. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100: 57-70.
13. 13. Liotta LA, Kohn EC. The microenvironment of the tumour-host interface. Nature 2001; 411: 375-379.
14. 14. Matrisian LM, Cunha GR, Mohla S. Epithelial-stromal interactions and tumor progression: meeting summary and future directions. Cancer Research 2001; 61: 3844-3846.
15. 15. Park CC, Bissell MJ, Barcellos-Hoff MH. The influence of the microenvironment on the malignant phenotype. Mol Med Today 2000; 6: 324-329.
16. 16. Tuxhorn JA, Ayala GE, Rowley DR. Reactive stroma in prostate cancer progression. J Urol 2001; 166: 2472-2483.
17. 17. Tatiana Globa, Lilian Şaptefrţi, Raluca Amalia Ceauşu, Puşa Gaje, Anca Maria Cimpean, Marius Raica. Mast cell phenotype in benign and malignant tumors of the prostate Pol J Pathol 2014; 65 (2): 147-153.
18. 18. Orhan N ve ark. Prostat Kanserli Hastalarda Oksidatif Stres ve Paraksonaz Aktivite Azalması. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi.2015;(7) 2:113-117.
19. 19. Dyduch G, Okoń K, Pescarini E. Mast cells in melanocytic skin lesions. An immunohistochemical and quantitative study. Pol J Pathol 2011; 62: 139-144.
20. 20. Pyziak L, Stasikowska-Kanicka O, Danilewicz M, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of mast cell infiltrates and microvessel density in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pol J Pathol 2013; 64: 276-280.
21. 21. Farram E, Nelson DS. Mouse mast cells as anti-tumor effector cells. Cellular Immunology 1980; 55: 294-301.
22. 22. Ghiara P, Boraschi D, Scapigliati G, et al. In vitro generated mast cells express natural cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Immunology 1985; 55: 317-324.
23. 23. Dyduch G, Kaczmarczyk K, Okoń K. Mast cells and cancer: enemies or allies? Pol J Pathol 2012; 63: 1-7.
24. 24. Dimitriadou V, Koutsilieris M. Mast cell-tumor cell interactions: for or against tumor growth and metastasis? Anticancer Res 1997; 17: 1541-1549.
25. 25. Henderson WR, Chi EY, Jong EC, et al. Mast cell-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. Role of the peroxidase system. JEM 1981; 153: 520-533.
26. 26. Masaki T, Matsuzaki Y, Onitsuka T. Correlation between mast cells and survival rates in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 1999; 26: 103-108.
27. 27. Nechushtan H. The complexity of the complicity of mast cells in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol,2010; 42, 551-4.
28. 28. Samoszuk M, Corwin MA. Mast cell inhibitor cromolyn increases blood clotting and hypoxia in murine breast cancer. Int J Cancer, 2003; 107, 159-63.
29. 29. Strouch MJ, Cheon EC, Salabat MR, et al. Crosstalk between mast cells and pancreatic cancer cells contributes to pancreatic tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res,2010; 16, 2257-65.
30. 30. Iamaroon A, Surawut P, Sumana J (2003). Increase of mast cell and tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med, 32, 195-9.
31. 31. De Souza DA Jr, Toso VD, Campos MR, Lara VS, Oliver C, Jamur MC. Expression of mast cell proteases correlates with mast cell maturation and angiogenesis during tumor progression. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40790.
32. 32. Elpek G, Gelen T. The prognostic relevance of angiogenesis and mast cells in SCC of the esophagus. J Clin Pathol,2001; 54, 940-4.
33. 33. Rojas IG, Spencer ML, Martinez SL, et al. Characterization of mast cells subpopulation in lip cancer. J Oral Path Med, 34,2005; 268-273.
34. 34. Jaafari-Ashkavandi Z, Moshref M, Mashhadi-Abbas F, Sargolzaie S, Taghavi N. Evaluation of CD31 expression and mast cell count in dysplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2010; 12, 272-6.
35. 35. Tinge B, Molin D, Bergqvist M, Ekman S, Bergström S (2010). Mast cells in squamous cell esophageal carcinoma and clinical parameters. Cancer Genomics Proteomics, 7, 25-9
36. 36. Globa Tatiana, Lilian Şaptefrţi, Raluca Amalia Ceauşu, Puşa Gaje, Anca Maria Cimpean, Marius Raica. Mast cell phenotype in benign and malignant tumors of the prostate Pol J Pathol 2014; 65 (2): 147-153.
37. 37. Carlini MJ, Dalurzo MC, Lastiri JM, Smith DE, Vasallo BC, Puricelli LI, Lauría de Cidre LS. Mast cell phenotypes and microvessels in non-small cell lung cancer and its prognostic significance. Hum Pathol. 2010;41(5):697-705.
38. 38. Erdem H, Kayikci MA, Oktay M, Uzunlar AK, Tekin A, Sener E, Ankarali H, Gursan N, Şahiner C, Kadıoğlu N. Mast cells numbers and peritumoral microvessel density of the prostatic adenocarcinomas and correlation with prognostic parameters. Med Glas (Zenica).2013 Aug;10(2):293-7.
39. 39. Yadav A, Desai RS, Bhuta BA, Singh JS, Mehta R, Nehete AP. Altered immunohistochemical expression of mast cell tryptase and chymase in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and malignant transformation of the overlying epithelium. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e98719.
40. 40. Cabanillas-Saez A, Schalper JA, Nicovani SM, Rudolph MI. Characterization of mast cells according to their content of tryptase and chymase in normal and neoplastic human uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Cancer.2002;12:92–98.