Regulatory B Cells and Role in Cancer

Abstract

B cells, the humoral immune response element, are the cells responsible for antibody production. Progenitor B cells, mature in bone marrow. The surface of B cells contains antigen receptors, immunoglobulin receptors, adhesion molecules and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. The development of the ability of these cells to bind antigen occurs depending on T cells in secondary lymphoid organs and in the specific microenvironment of lymph follicles. As a result of an antigenic stimulation, activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells or memory B cells. Regulatory B (Breg) cells, a subset of B cells, are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance. Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) producing Breg cells inhibit autoimmune pathology by preventing the expression of T cells and other pro-inflammatory lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown that different inflammatory environments induce different Breg cell populations. Various Breg subsets have been identified in inflammation, transplantation and autoimmunity models in both humans and animals. In this review, it is aimed to provide an overview of the developmental origin, phenotype, subsets, functions and roles in cancer of Breg cells.

Keywords

• Regulatory B Cell,Interleukin-10,Cancer

Düzenleyici B Hücreleri ve Kanserdeki Rolü

Abstract

Hümoral immün yanıt elemanı olan B hücreleri antikor üretiminden sorumlu hücrelerdir. Progenitör B hücreleri, kemik iliğinde olgunlaşırlar. B hücrelerinin yüzeyinde antijen reseptörleri, immünglobulin reseptörleri, adhezyon molekülleri ve Major Doku Uygunluk Kompleksin (MHC) molekülleri bulunur. Bu hücrelerin antijene bağlanma yeteneğinin gelişmesi sekonder lenfoid organlarda ve lenf foliküllerinin kendine özgü mikroçevresinde, T hücrelerine bağımlı olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Antijenik bir uyarım sonucunda aktive olan B hücreleri plazma hücrelerine veya bellek B hücrelerine farklılaşırlar. Düzenleyici B (Breg) hücreleri, immünolojik toleransı destekleyen B hücrelerinin alt grubu olan immünsüpresif hücrelerdir. İnterlökin-10 (IL-10), IL-35 ve transforme edici büyüme faktörü beta (TGF-β) üreten Breg hücreleri, T hücrelerin ve diğer pro-enflamatuar lenfositlerin ifadesini engelleyerek otoimmün patolojiyi baskılar. Son çalışmalar, farklı enflamatuar ortamların farklı Breg hücre popülasyonlarını uyardığını göstermiştir. Hem insanlarda hem de hayvanlarda enflamasyon, transplantasyon ve otoimmünite modellerinde çeşitli Breg alt grupları tanımlanmıştır. Bu derlemede, Breg hücrelerinin gelişimsel kökenine, fenotipine, alt gruplarına, işlevlerine ve kanserdeki rollerine genel bir bakış sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Düzenleyici B Hücre,İnterlökin-10,Kanser

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