SOSYAL VE KÜLTÜREL ANTROPOLOJİDE ÖZDÜŞÜNÜMSELLİK: SAHADAN ÖRNEKLER

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 130 - 156, 28.04.2020

Yağmur Nuhrat

https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.728322

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu yazı 1970’lerde temellenen ve 1980’lerde belirgin biçimde vurgulanan “özdüşünümsellik” (self
reflexivity) sorunsalına odaklanıyor. Özdüşünümselliği, antropoloji bilimini tanımlayan özelliklerden
biri olan devamlı kendini eleştirme ve sorgulama pratikleri çerçevesinde ele alıyorum. Yirminci yüzyılın
başında saha çalışması, kültürel görelilik, dil öğrenme gibi konuları vurgulayan sosyal ve kültürel
antropoloji, yüzyılın ortasından sonra doğrudan bilgi toplama ve üretme süreçlerindeki temsil ve iktidar
meselesini ele almış, hem sömürgecilikle el ele giden tarihini hem de sonrasında gelen “nesnel
gözlemci” varsayımların ortaya koyduğu etnografik yöntem ve kuramlarını yeniden düşünmüştür.
Özdüşünümsellik, yani antropoloğun bir nesnellik hedef ya da kaygısı gütmekten ziyade, kendi
öznelliğinin ve onun getirdiği sorumluluğun farkında olması, bu sayede de kendi kendisinin verisi olma
bileşenlerini okuyucuya aktarma hali, bugün antropolojinin süregelen öz eleştirisinin önemli bir aracıdır.
Futbol ve trafik üzerine olan iki saha çalışmamdan yola çıkarak, kendi cinsiyet ve sınıf öznelliğimin
sorunsal kurma, araştırma sorusu üretme, veri toplama ve bulgu incelemesi aşamalarındaki etkinliğini
tahlil ediyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Özdüşünümsellik, Etnografik Yöntemler, Yöntembilim, Yerli Etnograf, antropoloji ve iktidar, saha çalışması

Kaynakça

• Abu-Lughod, L. (2000). Locating ethnography. Ethnography, 1(2), 261- 267.  Ahearn, L. (2001). Invitations to love: Literacy, love Letters and social change in Nepal. University of Michigan Press. Aktan, D. (2018). Sexuality and politics on the football field [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi. Andrews, D. L., Pitter, R., Zwick, D. & Ambrose, D. (1997). Soccer’s racial frontier: Sport and the suburbanization of contemporary America. Gary Armstrong ve Richard Giulianotti (Ed.), Entering the field: New perspectives on world football (s. 261-281) içinde. Berg. Anthrotheory. (2019). The reflexive turn. http://anthrotheory.pbworks.com/w/page/29532672/The%20Reflexive%20Turn Armstrong, G. & Young, M. (1997). Legislators and interpreters: The law and ‘football hooligans.’ Gary Armstrong ve Richard Giulianotti (Ed.), Entering the field: New perspectives on world football (s. 175-191) içinde. Berg. Asad, T. (1973). Anthropology and the colonial encounter. Humanities Press. Bartu Candan, A. & Kolluoğlu, B. (2008). Emerging spaces of neoliberalism: A gated town and a public housing project in Istanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey, 39, 5-46. Bartu Candan, A. & Özbay, C. (2018). Kültür denen şey: Antropolojik yaklaşımlar. Metis. Becker, G. (1999). Disrupted lives: How people create meaning in a chaotic world. University of California Press. Behar, R. (1990). Rage and redemption: Reading the life story of a Mexican marketing woman. Feminist Studies, 16(2), 223-258. Behar, R. & Gordon, D.A. (1995). Women writing culture. University of California Press. Bishara, A. (2015). Driving while Palestinian in Israel and the West Bank: The politics of disorientation and the routes of a subaltern knowledge. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 33-54. Bora, T. (2006). Kârhanede Romantizm. İletişim. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press. Böhm, S., Jones, C., Land, C. & Paterson, M. (Ed.) (2006). Against automobility. Blackwell. Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge. Caudwell, J. (1999). Women’s football in the United Kingdom: Theorizing gender and unpacking the butch lesbian image. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 23(4), 390–402.  Caudwell, J. (2007). Queering the field? The complexities of sexuality within a lesbian identified football team in England. Gender, Place & Culture, 14(2), 183-196. Clifford, J. & Marcus, G. E. (Ed.) (1986). Writing culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography. University of California Press. Connell, R.W. (1987). Gender and power. Stanford University Press. Czeglédy, A. (2004). Getting around town: Transportation and the built environment in post-apartheid South Africa. City & Society, 16(2), 63-92. Dalakoglou, D. (2010). The road: An ethnography of the Albanian-Greek cross-border motorway. American Ethnologist, 37(1), 132-149. Dawson, A. (2015). The road to Srebrenica: Automobility and belonging in a post-socialist/war milieu. Anthropological Notebooks, 21(2), 5-25. Dawson, A. (2017). Why Marx was a bad driver: Alienation to sensuality in the anthropology of automobility. Advances in Anthropology, 7(1), 1-16 Devlieger, C. (2018). Contractual dependencies: Disability and the bureaucracy of begging in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Ethnologist, 45(4), 455-469. Edensor, T. (2008). Mundane hauntings: Commuting through the phantasmagoric working-class spaces of Manchester, England. cultural geographies, 15(3), 313-333. Ergül, H. (2013). Sahanın sesleri: İletişim alanında etnografik yöntem. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. Erhart, I. (2013). Ladies of Beşiktaş: A dismantling of male hegemony at Inönü Stadium. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 48(1), 83-98. Faubion, J.D. & Marcus, G.E. (2009). Fieldwork is not what it used to be: Learning anthropology’s method in a time of transition. Cornell University Press. Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books. Gupta, A. & Ferguson, J. (1997). Anthropological locations: Boundaries and grounds of a field science. University of California Press. Harmanşah, R. & Nahya, N. (2016). Etnografik hikâyeler: Türkiye’de alan araştırması deneyimleri. Metis. Harvey, D. (1973). Social justice and the city. Edward Arnold. Henry, J. M. & Comeaux, H. P. (1999). Gender egalitarianism in coed sport: A case study of American soccer. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34(3), 277–290.  Ho, K. (2009). Liquidated: An ethnography of Wall Street. Duke University Press. Ingold, T. (1993). The temporality of landscape. World Archaeology, 25(2), 152-174. Lee, D. (2015). Absolute traffic: Infrastructural aptitude in urban Indonesia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(2), 234-50. Lefebvre, H. (1968). Le droit à la ville. Anthropos. Magazine, R. (2007). Golden and blue like my heart: Masculinity, youth and power among soccer fans in Mexico City. University of Arizona Press. Malinowski, B. (2002 [1922]). Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An account of native enterprise and adventure in the archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. Routledge. Massey, D. (2005). For space. Sage. McManus, J. (2018). Welcome to hell? In search of the real Turkish football. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Meân, L. (2001). Identity and discursive practice: Doing gender on the football pitch. Discourse & Society, 12(6), 789–815. Merry, S. E. (2003). Human rights law and the demonization of culture (and anthropology along the way). Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 26(1), 55-76. Moskowitz, N. (2015). Engagement, alienation, and anthropology’s new moral dilemmas. Anthropology and Humanism, 40(1), 35-57. Nader, L. (1974). Up the anthropologist: Perspectives gained from “studying pp.” Dell Hymes (Ed.), Reinventing anthropology (s. 284-310) içinde. Random House. Narayan, K. (1993). How native is a "native" anthropologist? American Anthropologist, 95(3), 671-686 Nuhrat, Y. (2017). Fair to swear? Gendered formulations of fairness in football in Turkey. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, 13(1), 25-46. Nuhrat, Y. (2018). Contesting love through commodification: Soccer fans, affect, and social class in Turkey. American Ethnologist, 45(3): 392-404. Pfister, G. & Hacısoftaoğlu, İ. (2016). Women’s sport as a symbol of modernity: A case study in Turkey, 33(13): 1470-1482. Rosenwald, G. C. & Ochberg, R. L. (1992). Storied lives: The cultural politics of self-understanding. Yale University Press. Orta, L. (2014). Women and football in Turkey. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(7-1): 85-93. Ortner, S. (2003). New Jersey dreaming: Capital, culture, and the class of ’58. Duke University Press. Öncü, A. (1999). İstanbullular ve ötekiler: Küreselcilik çağında orta sınıf olmanın kültürel kozmolojisi. Çağlar Keyder (Ed.), İstanbul: Küresel ile Yerel Arasında (s. 117-144) içinde. Metis. Öztürk, P. (2017). Kadın futbolcuların futbol alanındaki deneyimleri [Yayımlanmamış doktora lisans tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Öztürk, P. & Koca, C. (2015). Futbolun ‘ötekisi’ kadınlar, fotoğrafın ‘ötekisi’ fotoromanı yazıyor. Moment Dergi, 2(2): 157-183. Özyürek, E. (2007). Modernlik nostaljisi: Kemalizm, laiklik ve gündelik hayatta siyaset. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi. Rabinow, P. (1978). Reflections on fieldwork in Morocco. University of California Press. Ruby, J. (Ed.) (1982). A crack in the mirror: Reflexive perspective in anthropology. University of Pennsylvania Press. Salzman, P. C. (2002). On reflexivity. American Anthropologist, 104(3), 805-813. Scheper-Hughes, N. (1995). The primacy of the ethical: Propositions for a militant anthropology. Current Anthropology, 36(3), 409-440. Scraton, S., Fasting, K., Pfister, G. & Brunel, A. (1999). It’s still a man’s game?: The experiences of top-level European women footballers. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34(2), 99–111. Soja, E. W. (2010) Seeking spatial justice. University of Minnesota Press. Tannen, D. (20 Haziran 1993). Marked women, unmarked men. The New York Times Magazine. Truitt, A. (2008). On the back of a motorbike: Middle-class mobility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. American Ethnologist, 35(1), 3-19. Urry, J. (2004). The ‘system’ of automobility. Theory, Culture & Society, 21(4–5), 25–39.  Yazıcı, B. (2013). Towards an anthropology of traffic: A ride through class hierarchies on Istanbul’s roadways. Ethnos, 78(4), 515-42. Zaman, S. (2008). Native among the natives: Physician anthropologist doing hospital ethnography at home. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 37(2), 135-154.