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Multi-Cultural Counseling and Spiritual Interventions

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 163 - 180, 30.06.2019

Öz

With the start of individuals from different cultures and subcultures taking part in the same society, the process of understanding and recognizing cultures has found its place in psychology and counseling. While multicultural counseling evaluates the counselor’s cultural values in the counseling environment, various ideas have been formed to address spirituality. This article summarizes the place of counseling in the psychology literature, along with perspectives on dealing with religion and spirituality. It then aims to examine the process of multiculturalism and multicultural counseling in terms of spirituality and traditional approaches.

Kaynakça

  • Altareb, B. Y. (1996). Islamic spirituality in America: A middle path to unity. Counseling and Values, 41(1), 29–38. Asnaani, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Collaboration in multicultural therapy: Establishing a strong therapeutic alliance across cultural lines. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(2), 187–197. American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC). (2018). Competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Retrieved October 10, 2018 from http://www.aservic.org/resources/spiritual-competencies/ Arrey, A. E., Bilsen, J., Lacor, P., & Deschepper, R. (2016). Spirituality/religiosity: A cultural and psychological resource among Sub-Saharan African migrant women with HIV/AIDS in Belgium. PloS One, 11(7), e0159488. Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışma eğitimindeki yeri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 1, 43–59. Berkel, L. A., Constantine, M. G., & Olson, E. A. (2007). Supervisor multicultural competence: Addressing religious and spiritual issues with counseling students in supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 26(1-2), 3–15. Bishop, D. R., Avila-Juarbe, E., & Thumme, B. (2003). Recognizing spirituality as an important factor in counselor supervision. Counseling and Values, 48(1), 34–46. Blando, J. A. (2006). Spirituality, religion, and counseling. Counseling and Human Development, 39(2), 1 –16. Blount, A. J., & Young, M. E. (2015). Counseling multiple-heritage couples. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 43(2), 137–152. Bojuwoye, O. (2005). Traditional healing practices in Southern Africa. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 63–70). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Burke, M. T., Hackney, H., Hudson, P., Miranti, J., Watts, G. A., & Epp, L. (1999). Spirituality, religion, and CACREP curriculum standards. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(3), 251–257. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2016). 2016 CACREP standards. Retrieved May 15, 2019 from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/08/2016-Standards-with-citations.pdf Canel-Çınarbaş, D. (2015). İslami ve islam öncesi inançlar ve psikoloji: Türkiye’de yerel sağaltım yöntemleri bağlamında türbe ve hoca ziyaretleri. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(1), 27–39. Carter, J. H. (2002). Religion/spirituality in African-American culture: An essential aspect of psychiatric care. Journal of the National Medical Association, 94(5), 371–375. Cashwell, C. S., & Watts, R. E. (2010). The new ASERVIC competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Counseling and Values, 55(1), 2–5. Chong, F. H. H., & Liu, H. Y. (2002). Indigenous counseling in the Chinese cultural context: Experience transformed model. Asian Journal of Counselling, 9(1), 49–68. Das, A. K. (1987). Indigenous models of therapy in traditional Asian societies. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 15(1), 25–37. Demir, İ. H. (2016). Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve çok kültürlü kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi [Examining school counselors’ multicultural counseling competences and multicultural personality traits](Master’s thesis, Education Science Institute, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Dinçer, M. (2016). Legacy of an Anatolian sufi from a psychological perspective: Case of Yunus Emre. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 1, 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/spc.2016.1.0004 Dow, J. (1986). Universal aspects of symbolic healing: A theoretical synthesis. American Anthropologist, 88(1), 56–69. Ekşi, H., & Kaya, Ç. (Eds.). (2016). Manevi yönelimli psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışma. İstanbul, Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları. Ekşi, H. (Ed.). (2017). Psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışmada maneviyat: Kuramlar ve uygulamalar. İstanbul, Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları. Elkins, D. N., Hedstrom, L. J., Hughes, L. L., Leaf, J. A., & Saunders, C. (1988). Toward a humanistic-phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 28(4), 5–18. Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2007). Psikolojik danışma ve kültürel faktörler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 109–122. Farooqi, Y. N. (2006). Traditional healing practices sought by Muslim psychiatric patients in Lahore, Pakistan. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53(4), 401–415. Fukuyama, M. A., & Sevig, T. D. (1999). Integrating spirituality into multicultural counseling (Vol. 13). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hall, C. R., Dixon, W. A., & Mauzey, E. D. (2004). Spirituality and religion: Implications for counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 504–507. Hanna, F. J., & Green, A. (2004). Asian shades of spirituality: Implications for multicultural school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 326–333. Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Hurley, E., & Callahan, J. L. (2008). Integrating eastern philosophy into western psychology: A primer for students of applied psychology. Modern Psychological Studies, 13(2), 50–59. Ibrahim, F. A., & Dykeman, C. (2011). Counseling Muslim Americans: Cultural and spiritual assessments. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(4), 387–396. Inayat, Q. (2005). Islam, divinity, and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 128– 135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Jafari, M. F. (1993). Counseling values and objectives: A comparison of western and Islamic perspectives. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 10(3), 326–339. Jilek, W. G. (1994). Traditional healing in the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 31(3), 219–258. Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2013). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40), 222–231. Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115–126. Karaırmak, Ö. (2016). Tinsel anlayışın psikolojik danışmadaki rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(22), 45–55. Kirmayer, L. J. (1999). Myth and ritual in psychotherapy. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(4), 451–460. Korban (2018). Psikolojik danışmanların çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma yeterliklerinin psikolojik danışma becerilerini yordama düzeyi (Master’s thesis, Social Sciences Institute, Sabahattin Zaim University İstanbul, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Laungani, P. (2008). Building multicultural counselling bridges: The Holy Grail or a poisoned chalice. In R. Moodley, A. Rai, & W. Alladin (Eds.), Bridging East-West psychology and counselling: Exploring the work of Pittu Laungani (pp. 18–29). New Delhi: Sage. Lee, C. C., Oh, M. Y., & Mountcastle, A. R. (1992). Indigenous models of helping in nonwestern countries: Implications for multicultural counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 20, 3–10. Lee, C. C. (2008). Elements of culturally competent counseling (ACAPCD-24). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Lettenberger-Klein, C. G., Fish, J. N., & Hecker, L. L. (2013). Cultural competence when working with American Indian populations: A couple and family therapist perspective. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 148–159. Maduro, R. (1983). Curanderismo and Latino views of disease and curing. Western Journal of Medicine, 139(6), 868–874. Magaldi-Dopman, D. (2014). An “afterthought”: Counseling trainees’ multicultural competence within the spiritual/religious domain. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 42(4), 194–204. Matheson, L. (1996). Valuing spirituality among Native American populations. Counseling and Values, 41(1), 51–58. McCabe, G. H. (2007). The healing path: A culture and community-derived indigenous therapy model. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(2), 148–160. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.2.148 Otani, A. (2003). Eastern meditative techniques and hypnosis: a new synthesis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 46(2), 97–108. Owen, J., Jordan, T. A., Turner, D., Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., & Leach, M. M. (2014). Therapists’ multicultural orientation: Client perceptions of cultural humility, spiritual/religious commitment, and therapy outcomes. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 42(1), 91–98. Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 6–12. Poonwassie, A., & Charter, A. (2005). Aboriginal worldview of healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 31–37). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (1997). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10241-000 Schlosser, L. Z., Ali, S. R., Ackerman, S. R., & Dewey, J. J. H. (2009). Religion, ethnicity, culture, way of life: Jews, Muslims, and multicultural counseling. Counseling and Values, 54(1), 48–64. Sollod, R. N. (2005). Spiritual and healing approaches in psychotherapeutic practice. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 202–209). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(4), 477–486. Trimble, J. E. (2010). Bear spends time in our dreams now: Magical thinking and cultural empathy in multicultural counselling theory and practice. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 23(3), 241–253. Trotter, R. T. (2001). Curanderismo: A picture of Mexican-American folk healing. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 7(2), 129–131. Tseng, W. S. (1999). Culture and psychotherapy: Review and practical guidelines. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(2), 131–179. Vontress, C. E. (1991). Traditional healing in Africa: Implications for cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 242–249. Vontress, C. E. (1996). A personal retrospective on cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 24(3), 156–166. Waldram, J. B. (1994). Aboriginal spirituality in corrections: A Canadian case study in religion and therapy. American Indian Quarterly, 18(2), 197–214. Walker, D. F., Gorsuch, R. L., & Tan, S. Y. (2004). Therapists’ integration of religion and spirituality in counseling: A meta-analysis. Counseling and Values, 49(1), 69–80. West, W. (2000). Psychotherapy & spirituality: Crossing the line between therapy and religion. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. West, W. (2005). Crossing the line between talking therapies and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 47–55). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Whitley, R. (2012). Religious competence as cultural competence. Transcultural psychiatry, 49(2), 245–260. World Health Organization. (1978). The promotion and development of traditional medicine: Report of a WHO meeting [Held in Geneva from 28 November to 2 December 1977]. Worthington Jr, E. L. (1989). Religious faith across the life span: Implications for counseling and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 17(4), 555–612. Worthington Jr, E. L., & Sandage, S. J. (2001). Religion and spirituality. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 473–478. Yeh, C. J., Hunter, C. D., Madan-Bahel, A., Chiang, L., & Arora, A. K. (2004). Indigenous and interdependent perspectives of healing: Implications for counseling and research. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 410–419. Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., … Kadar, J. L. (1997). Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(4), 549–564. Zinnbauer, B. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2000). Working with the sacred: Four approaches to religious and spiritual issues in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 162–171.

Çok Kültürlü Danışmanlık ve Manevi Müdahaleler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 163 - 180, 30.06.2019

Öz

Toplumlar arasında giderek artan etkileşim ve iletişim psikolojik danışmanlık müdahalelerinde kültürün konumlandırılmasına ilişkin çalışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Danışanın problemlerinin çözümünde beraberinde getirdiği kültürel özellikleri kullanmak giderek önem kazanmıştır. Her kültür kendi kültürel anlayışı içerisinde bireyin psikolojik iyiliği için ortaya koyduğu maneviyat kavramı da çok kültürlü danışmanlık anlayışı içerisinde kendisine önemli bir tartışma alanı açmıştır. Bu makalede çok kültürlü psikolojik danışmanlık literatüründe maneviyat anlayışı ve müdahalelerine yönelik çalışmaları incelemek amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Altareb, B. Y. (1996). Islamic spirituality in America: A middle path to unity. Counseling and Values, 41(1), 29–38. Asnaani, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Collaboration in multicultural therapy: Establishing a strong therapeutic alliance across cultural lines. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(2), 187–197. American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC). (2018). Competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Retrieved October 10, 2018 from http://www.aservic.org/resources/spiritual-competencies/ Arrey, A. E., Bilsen, J., Lacor, P., & Deschepper, R. (2016). Spirituality/religiosity: A cultural and psychological resource among Sub-Saharan African migrant women with HIV/AIDS in Belgium. PloS One, 11(7), e0159488. Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışma eğitimindeki yeri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 1, 43–59. Berkel, L. A., Constantine, M. G., & Olson, E. A. (2007). Supervisor multicultural competence: Addressing religious and spiritual issues with counseling students in supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 26(1-2), 3–15. Bishop, D. R., Avila-Juarbe, E., & Thumme, B. (2003). Recognizing spirituality as an important factor in counselor supervision. Counseling and Values, 48(1), 34–46. Blando, J. A. (2006). Spirituality, religion, and counseling. Counseling and Human Development, 39(2), 1 –16. Blount, A. J., & Young, M. E. (2015). Counseling multiple-heritage couples. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 43(2), 137–152. Bojuwoye, O. (2005). Traditional healing practices in Southern Africa. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 63–70). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Burke, M. T., Hackney, H., Hudson, P., Miranti, J., Watts, G. A., & Epp, L. (1999). Spirituality, religion, and CACREP curriculum standards. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(3), 251–257. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2016). 2016 CACREP standards. Retrieved May 15, 2019 from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/08/2016-Standards-with-citations.pdf Canel-Çınarbaş, D. (2015). İslami ve islam öncesi inançlar ve psikoloji: Türkiye’de yerel sağaltım yöntemleri bağlamında türbe ve hoca ziyaretleri. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(1), 27–39. Carter, J. H. (2002). Religion/spirituality in African-American culture: An essential aspect of psychiatric care. Journal of the National Medical Association, 94(5), 371–375. Cashwell, C. S., & Watts, R. E. (2010). The new ASERVIC competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Counseling and Values, 55(1), 2–5. Chong, F. H. H., & Liu, H. Y. (2002). Indigenous counseling in the Chinese cultural context: Experience transformed model. Asian Journal of Counselling, 9(1), 49–68. Das, A. K. (1987). Indigenous models of therapy in traditional Asian societies. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 15(1), 25–37. Demir, İ. H. (2016). Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve çok kültürlü kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi [Examining school counselors’ multicultural counseling competences and multicultural personality traits](Master’s thesis, Education Science Institute, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Dinçer, M. (2016). Legacy of an Anatolian sufi from a psychological perspective: Case of Yunus Emre. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 1, 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/spc.2016.1.0004 Dow, J. (1986). Universal aspects of symbolic healing: A theoretical synthesis. American Anthropologist, 88(1), 56–69. Ekşi, H., & Kaya, Ç. (Eds.). (2016). Manevi yönelimli psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışma. İstanbul, Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları. Ekşi, H. (Ed.). (2017). Psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışmada maneviyat: Kuramlar ve uygulamalar. İstanbul, Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları. Elkins, D. N., Hedstrom, L. J., Hughes, L. L., Leaf, J. A., & Saunders, C. (1988). Toward a humanistic-phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 28(4), 5–18. Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2007). Psikolojik danışma ve kültürel faktörler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 109–122. Farooqi, Y. N. (2006). Traditional healing practices sought by Muslim psychiatric patients in Lahore, Pakistan. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53(4), 401–415. Fukuyama, M. A., & Sevig, T. D. (1999). Integrating spirituality into multicultural counseling (Vol. 13). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hall, C. R., Dixon, W. A., & Mauzey, E. D. (2004). Spirituality and religion: Implications for counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 504–507. Hanna, F. J., & Green, A. (2004). Asian shades of spirituality: Implications for multicultural school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 326–333. Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Hurley, E., & Callahan, J. L. (2008). Integrating eastern philosophy into western psychology: A primer for students of applied psychology. Modern Psychological Studies, 13(2), 50–59. Ibrahim, F. A., & Dykeman, C. (2011). Counseling Muslim Americans: Cultural and spiritual assessments. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(4), 387–396. Inayat, Q. (2005). Islam, divinity, and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 128– 135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Jafari, M. F. (1993). Counseling values and objectives: A comparison of western and Islamic perspectives. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 10(3), 326–339. Jilek, W. G. (1994). Traditional healing in the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 31(3), 219–258. Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2013). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40), 222–231. Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115–126. Karaırmak, Ö. (2016). Tinsel anlayışın psikolojik danışmadaki rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(22), 45–55. Kirmayer, L. J. (1999). Myth and ritual in psychotherapy. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(4), 451–460. Korban (2018). Psikolojik danışmanların çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma yeterliklerinin psikolojik danışma becerilerini yordama düzeyi (Master’s thesis, Social Sciences Institute, Sabahattin Zaim University İstanbul, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Laungani, P. (2008). Building multicultural counselling bridges: The Holy Grail or a poisoned chalice. In R. Moodley, A. Rai, & W. Alladin (Eds.), Bridging East-West psychology and counselling: Exploring the work of Pittu Laungani (pp. 18–29). New Delhi: Sage. Lee, C. C., Oh, M. Y., & Mountcastle, A. R. (1992). Indigenous models of helping in nonwestern countries: Implications for multicultural counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 20, 3–10. Lee, C. C. (2008). Elements of culturally competent counseling (ACAPCD-24). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Lettenberger-Klein, C. G., Fish, J. N., & Hecker, L. L. (2013). Cultural competence when working with American Indian populations: A couple and family therapist perspective. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 148–159. Maduro, R. (1983). Curanderismo and Latino views of disease and curing. Western Journal of Medicine, 139(6), 868–874. Magaldi-Dopman, D. (2014). An “afterthought”: Counseling trainees’ multicultural competence within the spiritual/religious domain. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 42(4), 194–204. Matheson, L. (1996). Valuing spirituality among Native American populations. Counseling and Values, 41(1), 51–58. McCabe, G. H. (2007). The healing path: A culture and community-derived indigenous therapy model. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(2), 148–160. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.2.148 Otani, A. (2003). Eastern meditative techniques and hypnosis: a new synthesis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 46(2), 97–108. Owen, J., Jordan, T. A., Turner, D., Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., & Leach, M. M. (2014). Therapists’ multicultural orientation: Client perceptions of cultural humility, spiritual/religious commitment, and therapy outcomes. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 42(1), 91–98. Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 6–12. Poonwassie, A., & Charter, A. (2005). Aboriginal worldview of healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 31–37). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (1997). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10241-000 Schlosser, L. Z., Ali, S. R., Ackerman, S. R., & Dewey, J. J. H. (2009). Religion, ethnicity, culture, way of life: Jews, Muslims, and multicultural counseling. Counseling and Values, 54(1), 48–64. Sollod, R. N. (2005). Spiritual and healing approaches in psychotherapeutic practice. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 202–209). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(4), 477–486. Trimble, J. E. (2010). Bear spends time in our dreams now: Magical thinking and cultural empathy in multicultural counselling theory and practice. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 23(3), 241–253. Trotter, R. T. (2001). Curanderismo: A picture of Mexican-American folk healing. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 7(2), 129–131. Tseng, W. S. (1999). Culture and psychotherapy: Review and practical guidelines. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(2), 131–179. Vontress, C. E. (1991). Traditional healing in Africa: Implications for cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 242–249. Vontress, C. E. (1996). A personal retrospective on cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 24(3), 156–166. Waldram, J. B. (1994). Aboriginal spirituality in corrections: A Canadian case study in religion and therapy. American Indian Quarterly, 18(2), 197–214. Walker, D. F., Gorsuch, R. L., & Tan, S. Y. (2004). Therapists’ integration of religion and spirituality in counseling: A meta-analysis. Counseling and Values, 49(1), 69–80. West, W. (2000). Psychotherapy & spirituality: Crossing the line between therapy and religion. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. West, W. (2005). Crossing the line between talking therapies and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 47–55). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Whitley, R. (2012). Religious competence as cultural competence. Transcultural psychiatry, 49(2), 245–260. World Health Organization. (1978). The promotion and development of traditional medicine: Report of a WHO meeting [Held in Geneva from 28 November to 2 December 1977]. Worthington Jr, E. L. (1989). Religious faith across the life span: Implications for counseling and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 17(4), 555–612. Worthington Jr, E. L., & Sandage, S. J. (2001). Religion and spirituality. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 473–478. Yeh, C. J., Hunter, C. D., Madan-Bahel, A., Chiang, L., & Arora, A. K. (2004). Indigenous and interdependent perspectives of healing: Implications for counseling and research. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 410–419. Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., … Kadar, J. L. (1997). Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(4), 549–564. Zinnbauer, B. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2000). Working with the sacred: Four approaches to religious and spiritual issues in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 162–171.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Berra Keçeci

Halil Ekşi

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Keçeci, B., & Ekşi, H. (2019). Multi-Cultural Counseling and Spiritual Interventions. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 4(2), 163-180.