Anatomical, Palynological and Micromorphological Studies on Cousinia aucheri, an Endemic Species

Abstract

Cousinia is one of the largest genera in the Asteraceae and includes 700 species in Southwest and Central Asia. The section Cousinia is represented by 23 species in Turkey. The taxonomy of Cousinia is contentious. The use of anatomy and pollen morphology can be a useful tool for species identification and delimitation. Therefore in this study, we aimed to investigate the anatomical, palynological and achene micromorphological characteristics of Cousinia aucheri DC. and to contribute to the systematics of Cousinia in this study. Paraffin method was used on stem, leaf and midrib sections for anatomical studies. It was determined that the number of palisade parenchyma, the shape of the midrib, the number and arrangement of the vascular bundles provide important taxonomic information. The pollen slides were prepared according to Wodehouse method. The pollen grains have tricolporate aperture and verrucate ornamentation. Furthermore, the morphological and micromorphological features of the achenes were investigated and their surface ornaments were found to be retipilate.

Keywords

• Anatomy
• Asteraceae
• Cousinia
• Pollen
• Turkey

Endemik Cousinia aucheri DC. (İnce Kızan) Üzerine Anatomik, Palinolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Araştırmalar

Abstract

Cousinia, Asteraceae’deki en büyük cinslerden biridir, Güneybatı ve Orta Asya’da 700 tür içermektedir. Cousinia seksiyonu Türkiye’de 23 tür ile temsil edilmektedir. Cousinia’nın taksonomisi tartışmalıdır. Anatomi ve polen morfolojisinin kullanılması, türlerin tanımlanması ve sınırlandırılması için faydalı bir araç olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Cousinia aucheri DC’nin anatomik, palinolojik ve aken mikromorfolojik özelliklerini araştırmayı ve Cousinia’nın sistematiğine katkı sağlamayı amaçladık. Anatomik çalışmalar için gövde, yaprak ve orta damar kesitlerinde parafin yöntemi kullanıldı. Palizat parankima sayısı, orta damarın şekli, damar demetlerinin sayısı ve düzenlenişinin önemli taksonomik bilgiler sağladığı belirlendi. Polen preparatları Wodehouse yöntemine göre hazırlandı. Polen taneleri trikolporat aperture ve verrukat süslemeye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca akenlerin morfolojik ve mikromorfolojik özellikleri araştırılmış ve yüzey süslemelerinin retipilat olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Anatomi
• Asteraceae
• Cousinia
• Polen
• Türkiye

References

1. Ahmad-Khanbeygi Z, Sheidai M, Attar F (2011). Morphometry and palynological study of the genus Cousinia sect. Cousinia (Asteraceae) in Iran. Iran J Bot 17: 158–166.
2. Atazadeh N, Sheidai M, Attar F, Ghahremaninejad F, Koohdar F (2020). A palynological study of genus Cousinia Cass. (Family Asteraceae), sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f. Grana 59: 428–443.
3. Attar F, Ghahreman A, Mahdigholi K, Sheidai M (2004). Anatomy-taxonomy studies of the species of section Serratuloideae (Cousinia, Compositae) in Iran. Iran J Bot 10: 119–141.
4. De Candolle AP (1837). Cousinia in Prodromus Systematicis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Parisiis 6: 552–557.
5. Dehghani M, Djamali M, Gandouin E, Akhani H (2017). A pollen rain-vegetation study along a 3600 m mountain-desert transect in the Irano-Turanian region; implications for the reliability of some pollen ratios as moisture indicators. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 247: 133–148.
6. Djamali M, Baumel A, Brewer S, Jackson ST, Kadereit JW, Lopez-Vinyallonga S, Mehregan I, Shabanian E, Simakova A (2012). Ecological implications of Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) persistence through the last two glacial–interglacial cycles in the continental Middle East for the Irano-Turanian flora. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 172: 10–20.
7. Faegri K, Iversen J (1989). Textbook of Pollen Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
8. Ghaffari SM, Garcia-Jacas N, Susanna A (2006). New chromosome counts in the genus Cousinia (Asteraceae) from Iran. Bot J Linn Soc 151(3): 411–419.

9. Hesse M, Halbrotter H, Zetter R, Weber M, Buchner R, Frosch-Radovo A, Ulrich S (2009). Pollen Terminology: An Illustrated Handbook. Springer Verlag/Wien, New York.
10. Huber-Morath A (1975). Cousinia Cass., Davis PH (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol 5: pp. 329–353. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburg.
11. Jafari E, Ghanbarian G (2007). Pollen morphological studies on selected taxa of Asteraceae. J Plant Sci 2(2): 195–201.
12. Johansen DA (1940). Plant Microtechnique. McGraw-Hill, New-York.
13. Knapp HD (1987). On the distribution of the genus Cousinia (Compositae). Plant Syst Evol 155(1-4): 15–25.
14. Kuprianova LA, Tscherneva OV (1982). Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of palynoderma in the species of the genus Cousinia (Asteraceae) in the relation to the systematics of the genus. Botaničeskij Žurnal 67: 581–589.
15. Lopez-Vinyallonga S, Mehregan I, Garcia-Jacas N, Tscherneva O, Susanna A, Kadereit JW (2009). Phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium-Cousinia complex (Compositae, Cardueae-Carduinae). Taxon 58(1): 153–171.
16. Mabberley DJ (2018). The plant book. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
17. Mehregan I, Assadi M (2009). A synopsis of Cousinia sect. Pseudactinia (Cardueae, Asteraceae) including a new species from NE Iran. Willdenowia 39(2): 265–271.
18. Mehregan I, Assadi M (2016). A synopsis of Cousinia sect. Pseudactinia (Cardueae, Asteraceae) including a new species from NE Iran. Phytotaxa 257(3): 271.
19. Moore PD, Webb JA, Collinson ME (1991). Pollen analysis. London: Blackwell Scientific.
20. Punt W, Hoen PP, Blackmore S, Nilsson S, Thomas A (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 143 (1-2): 1-81.
21. Rechinger KH (1972). Compositae-Cynareae I: Cousinia. In: Rechinger K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica 90: 1–329.
22. Rechinger KH (1979). Compositae III-Cynareae. Cousinia. In: Rechinger K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica 108–153.
23. Rechinger KH (1986). Cousinia: morphology, taxonomy, distribution and phytogeographical implication. Proc R .Soc Edinb 89B: 45–58.
24. Saber A, Attar F, Djavadi B (2009). Studies of pollen grains in the sect. Stenocephalae (Cousinia Cass. - Asteraceae) in Iran. Iran J Bot 15: 114–128.
25. Schtepa IS (1966). On the problem of the affinity between the genera Arctium L. & Cousinia Cass. of the family Compositae. The importance of palynological analysis for the stratigraphy and paleofloristic investigation. Leningrad: Akademiya Nauk SSSR.
26. Schtepa IS (1976). Palynological investigation of Cousinia sect. Eriocousinia (Compositae). Proceeding of the 4th International Palynological Conference, 31–33. Leningrad: Academy of Science of the USSR.
27. Stearn WT (1983). Botanical Latin. 566 David & Charles. London.
28. Susanna A, Garcia-Jacas N, Vilatersana R, Garnatje T (2003). Generic boundaries and evolution of characters in the Arctium group: A nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Collect Bot (Barcelona) 26: 101–118.
29. Susanna A, Garcia-Jacas N (2007). Tribe Cardueae. In Kubitzki, K. (Ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Springer. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 8: 123-146.
30. Tugay O (2012). Cousinia. (Editörler A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural MT, Babaç. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul.
31. Tugay O, Ulukuş D, Ertuğrul K, Uysal T, Demirelma H, Dural H (2019). A new species of Cousinia (sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) from the Ağrı Mountain (eastern Turkey): evidence from morphology, karyology and anatomy. Phytotaxa 427(4): 259–269.
32. Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2019a). Endemik Cousinia halysensis Hub.-Mor. (Papatyagiller/Asteraceae) türünün anatomik, palinolojik ve mikromorfolojik yönden ı̇ncelenmesi. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi 6 (1): 59–65.
33. Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2019b). Micromorphological, palynological and anatomical properties of endemic Cousinia iconica Hub.-Mor. (sect. Cousinia /Asteraceae). Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi 6(2): 58–63.
34. Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2020a). Türkiye için endemik bir bitki olan Cousinia foliosa boiss. & balansa (asteraceae) üzerine anatomik ve palinolojik çalışmalar. S.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi 46(2):118-125.
35. Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2020b). Morphology, anatomy and palynology of two endemic Cousinia Cass. Species (Sect. Cousinia, Asteraceae) and their taxonomic implications. Pak J Bot 52(1): 297–304.
36. Vardar Y (1987). Mikroperasyon Yöntemleri, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi No:1. Ege Üniversitesi Baskı İşleri, İzmir.