Acquisition of –Ing in English by Multilingual Adult Speakers in Germany and the US

Abstract

The number of the multilingual speakers all over the world has been increasing steadily, which calls for closer analyses of multilingualism as a phenomenon. The current study aims at investigating multilingual speakers’ spoken and written English productions in formal and informal contexts within the boundaries of social context of migration. As for the purposes of the study, data coming from four groups in Germany and the US (32 participants and 24 speakers from RUEG corpus, 56 people in total) via data collection tools such as Language Situations (Wiese 2018), Linguistic Background Questionnaire and c-tests were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results were divergent. The comparison of -ing use only revealed that the acquisition of the progressive marker in L3? English differs in Germany and the US while -ing use in total Communication Units (henceforth CU) ratio signaled some cross-linguistic effects. However, there was no difference in within group comparisons obscuring multilingual-monolingual dichotomy within both Germany and the US. Also, task modality and registers were found to have a prominent effect on L3 patterns of English progressive morpheme -ing.

Keywords

• Second Language Development
• Verbal morphology
• English Language Teaching
• Multilingualism

İNGİLİZCE -ING EKİNİN ALMANYA VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞAYAN ANADİLİ TÜRKÇE, ALMANCA VE RUSÇA OLAN ÇOK DİLLİ YETİŞKİNLER TARAFINDAN EDİNİMİ

Abstract

Dünya üzerinde hızlı bir şekilde artan çok dillilik bilimsel çerçevede incelenmeye muhtaç bir olgudur. Bu kapsamda, güncel çalışma çok dillli konuşucuların resmi ve resmi olmayan bağlamlarda yazılı ve sözlü üretimlerini göç kavramını da ele alarak araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma bağlamında, Dil Durumları (Wiese, 2018), Dilbiligisi Geçmisi Ölçeği ve Çıkartmalı Sınav gibi veri toplama araçları anadili ve sonradan edindikleri diller açısından farklılık gösteren dört farklı grupta toplam 56 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Bu gruplardan 32 katılımcı Almanya’da yaşarken 24 katılımcı Amerika Birleşik Devleri’nde yaşamaktadır. Nitel ve nicel olarak toplanan veriler uygun şekilde analiz edilmiş ve bulgular çok çeşitlilik göstermiştir. İngilizce “-ing” süreklilik ekinin kullanımının gruplar arası karşılaştırması Almanya ve ABD’de yaşayan çok dilli katılımcılar arasında farklılık olduğunu ve toplam süreklilik eki kullanımı da gruplar arası farklılıkların önceden edinilen dillerden kaynaklanabileceğini işaret etmektedir. Buna karşın, birebir grup karşılaştırmalarında herhangi bir farklılık gözlemlenmemiştir. Bu da alan yazındaki tek dilli ve çok dilli katılımcılar arasındaki farklılıklarının gittikçe azaldığını göstermektedir. Bunlara ek olarak, etkinlik dili ve resmi ve resmi olmayan gibi farklı kesitlerin üçüncü dil olarak İngilizce süreklilik eki ediniminde önemli bir etkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Keywords

• İkinci Dil Edinimi
• Eylemsi Biçimbilim
• İngiliz Dili Eğitimi
• Çok Dillilik

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