Örgütsel Sürdürülebilirlik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 507 - 531, 30.12.2020

Gözde Sezen-gültekin Türkan Argon

https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.757529

Cited By: 6

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı örgütsel sürdürülebilirliği ölçen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesidir. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikle bir madde havuzu geliştirilmiş ve uzman görüşlerine dayal olarakbu havuzda yer alan maddelere ilişkin kapsam geçerlik oranları, kapsam geçerlik ölçütü ve kapsam geçerlik indeksleri belirlenmiştir. Bu belirleme sonucunda, geliştirilmesi hedeflenen Örgütsel Sürdürülebilirlik Ölçeğinin toplamda 40 madde ve 5 alt boyutla kapsam geçerliğinin sağladığı görülmüştür. Ölçeğin faktöriyel geçerliği için ayrı örneklem gruplarında öncelikle açımlayıcı (AFA) ve sonrasında doğrulayıcı (DFA) faktör analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan işlemler sonucunda, 39 madde ve beş altboyutta kurulan modelin mükemmel ve kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum indekslerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Öte yandan, maddelere ilişkin hem yakınsama hem deayırtedicilik geçerliğinin sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca OAV karekökleri ve yapılararası korelasyonla kıyaslanmıştır ve tüm altboyutlarda ayırt edicilik geçerliğinin sağlandığı da görülmüştür. Son olarak ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin Cronbachalpha ve kompozit güvenirliğe bakılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, tüm değerlerin mükemmel ve mükemmele yakın düzeyde çıkması sonucunda ölçeğin güvenirliği kanıtlanmıştır. Bu sebeple, Örgütsel Sürdürülebilirlik Ölçeğinin 5’li Likert tipinde çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, kültürel sürdürülebilirlik, sosyal sürdürülebilirlik, ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik ve yönetsel sürdürülebilirlik olmak üzere beş altboyutta toplam 39 maddeden oluşan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eğitim Örgütleri, Ölçek Geliştirme, Örgütsel Sürdürülebilirlik, Sürdürülebirlik, Yükseköğretim Kurumları

Development of Organizational Sustainability Scale

Öz

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool measuring organizational sustainability. In this respect, firstly, an item pool was formed and subsequentlycontent validity rates, content validity criteria and content validity indices were calculated based on the experts. It was seen that the Organizational Sustainability Scale provided content validity with 40 items and 5 sub-dimensions in total. For the factorial validity of the scale, first, exploratory (EFA) and then confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were performed in the separate sample groups. As result, the model established in 39 items and five sub-dimensions had an excellent and acceptable level of fit indexes. Also, it was found that both convergence validity and discriminant validity were achieved in all sub-dimensions Finally, the Cronbach alpha and composite reliability of the scale were examined. In this context, the reliability of the scale was proved as a result of all values being excellent and close to perfect. In this context, it was determined that the Organizational Sustainability Scale is a valid and reliable scale consisting of 39 items in 5-point Likert type and five sub-dimensions which are environmental sustainability, cultural sustainability, social sustainability, economic sustainability and administrative sustainability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Educational Organizations, Higher Education Institutions, Organizational Sustainability, Scale Development, Sustainability

Kaynakça

• Adams, R., Martin, S. ve Boom, K. (2018). University culture and sustainability: Designing and implementing an enabling framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 434-445.
• Al Kaabi, A.M. (2014). Multi-Dimensional Sustainability Framework for Service Organisations in the GCC Countries. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Brunel University Business School, London.
• Alshuwaikhat, H.M. ve Abubakar, I. (2008). An integrated approach to achieving campus sustainability: assessment of the current campus environmental management practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(16), 1777-1785.
• Bagozzi, R. P. ve Youjae, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
• Bansi, A.C., Macini, N. ve Caldana, A.C.F. (2017). Sustentabilidade organizacional: Proposição de um framework para a gestão da Sustentabilidade Social a partir da lógica das competências. Organizações e Sustentabilidade, 4(2), 30-64.
• Batista, A.A.D.S. ve Francisco, A.C.D. (2018). Organizational sustainability practices: A study of the firms listed by the corporate sustainability index. Sustainability, 10(1), 226.
• Bentler, P.M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419-456.
• Bentler, P.M. ve Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
• Bizerril, M., Rosa, M. J., Carvalho, T. ve Pedrosa, J. (2018). Sustainability in higher education: A review of contributions from Portuguese Speaking Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 600-612.
• Bollen, K.A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 256-259.
• Browne, M.W. ve Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Testing Structural Equation Models (Eds. Kenneth A. Bollen & J. Scott Long), pg.136-162. Sage Publications.
• Brundtland, G.H. (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future. Official Records of the General Assembly, forty-second Session, supplement No. 25 (A/42/25). http://www.channelingreality.com/Documents/Brundtland_Searchable.pdf Erişim tarihi: 09.10.2017.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı (14. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınevi.
• Byrne, B.M. (2006). Structural equation modeling with EQS: Basic concepts, application, and programming (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
• Byrne, B.M., ve Campbell, T.L. (1999). Cross-cultural comparisons and the presumption of equivalen tmeasurement and theoretical structure: A look beneath the surface. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psycholog , 30, 555-574.
• Cagnin, C.H., Loveridge, D. & Butler, J. (2005). Business sustainability maturity model. Oral presentation. Business Strategy and the Environment Conference, 4-6 September 2005, Devonshire Hall, University of Leeds, UK, available at: www.crrconference.org/Previous_conferences/downloads/bseabstracts200501.09.2005.pdf
• Ceptureanu, S.I., Ceptureanu, E.G., Bogdan, V.L. ve Radulescu, V. (2018). Sustainability perceptions in romanian non-profit organizations: An exploratory study using success factor analysis. Sustainability, 10(2), 1-23.
• Ceulemans, K., Molderez, I. ve Van Liedekerke, L. (2015). Sustainability reporting in higher education: a comprehensive review of the recent literature and paths for further research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, 127-143.
• Clark, R.S. (2013). The Importance Of Human Resource Managements’ Strategic Role In Organizational Sustainability. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Capella University.
• Coblentz, J.B. (2002). Organizational sustainability: The three aspects that matter. Oral presentation. ERNWACA’s First Strategy Session, Dakar.
• Cole, L. (2003). Assessing Sustainability On Canadian University Campuses: Development Of A Campus Sustainability Assessment Framework. Unpublished master’s thesis, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC.
• Dewangga, A., Goldsmith, S. ve Pegram, N. (2008). Social Responsibility Guidelines & Sustainable Development: Integrating A Common Goal Of A Sustainable Society. Unpublished master thesis. Karlskrona, Sweden: School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology.
• Disterheft, A., Caeiro, S., Azeiteiro, U.M. ve Leal Filho, W. (2015). Sustainable universities–a study of critical success factors for participatory approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, 11-21.
• Dolma, S. (2016). What is the difference between composite reliability and ınternal reliability? https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_difference_between_Composite_Reliability_and_Internal_reliability adresinden 22.11.2018 tarihinde alınmıştır.
• Emmons, C.B. (2013). Improving Organizational Performance: Building Organizational Resilience and Sustainability through Knowledge-Sharing Relationships. Unpublisehd doctoral dissertation. Walden University College of Management and Technology.
• Ercan, İ. ve Kan, İ. (2004). Ölçeklerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3), 211-216. Fisher, P.B. ve McAdams, E. (2015). Gaps in sustainability education: The impact of higher education coursework on perceptions of sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(4), 407-423.
• Florea, L., Cheung, Y.H. ve Herndon, N.C. (2013). For all good reasons: Role of values in organizational sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(3), 393-408.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
• Franz-Balsen, A. ve Heinrichs, H. (2007). Managing sustainability communication on campus: experiences from Lüneburg. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 8(4), 431-445.
• Gliem, J.A. ve Gliem, R.R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Oral presentation. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
• Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. & Mullen, M.R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
• Hu, L. T. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
• Hutcheson, G.D. ve Sofroniou, N. (1999). The multivariate social scientist: Introductory statistics using generalized linear models. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
• Jeong, J. (2015). Enhancing organizational survivability in a crisis: Perceived organizational crisis responsibility, stance, and strategy. Sustainability, 7(9), 11532-11545.
• Kamal, A.S.M. ve Asmuss, M. (2013). Benchmarking tools for assessing and tracking sustainability in higher educational institutions: identifying an effective tool for the University of Saskatchewan. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 14(4), 449-465.
• Kapitulčinová, D., AtKisson, A., Perdue, J. ve Will, M. (2018). Towards integrated sustainability in higher education–Mapping the use of the Accelerator toolset in all dimensions of university practice. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4367-4382.
• Karakoç, F.Y. ve Dönmez, L. (2014). Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında temel ilkeler. Tıp Eğitim Dünyası, (40), 39-49.
• Kayacan, B. ve Gültekin, Y.S. (2012). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesinin (YEM) ormancılıkta sosyoekonomik sorunların çözümlenmesinde kullanımı. Sözlü bildiri. III. Ormancılıkta Sosyo-Ekonomik Sorunlar Kongresi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi 18-20 Ekim 2012.
• Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
• Kurland, N.B. (2011). Evolution of a campus sustainability network: a case study in organizational change. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 12(4), 395-429.
• Lang, T. (2015). Campus sustainability initiatives and performance: do they correlate? International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(4), 474-490.
• Larrán, M., Herrera, J. ve Andrades, F.J. (2016). Measuring the linkage between strategies on sustainability and institutional forces: an empirical study of Spanish universities. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 59(6), 967-992.
• Lawshe, C.H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. Leal Filho, W., Shiel, C. ve Paco, A. (2016). Implementing and operationalising integrative approaches to sustainability in higher education: the role of project-oriented learning. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133, 126-135.
• Lee, E. (2014). Examining The Sustainability of Social Enterprise in Contemporary Korea. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Birmingham School of Social Science.
• Lee, K.H., Barker, M. ve Mouasher, A. (2013). Is it even espoused? An exploratory study of commitment to sustainability as evidenced in vision, mission, and graduate attribute statements in Australian universities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48, 20-28.
• Lee, S.H. ve Ha-Brookshire, J. (2017). Ethical climate and job attitude in fashion retail employees’ turnover intention, and perceived organizational sustainability performance: A cross-sectional study. Sustainability, 9(3), 465.
• Lee, K.H. ve Saen, R.F. (2012). Measuring corporate sustainability management: A data envelopment analysis approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), 219-226.
• Levy, B.L. ve Marans, R.W. (2012). Towards a campus culture of environmental sustainability: recommendations for a large university. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 13(4), 365-377.
• Lidstone, L., Wright, T. ve Sherren, K. (2015). Canadian STARS-rated campus sustainability plans: Priorities, plan creation and design. Sustainability, 7(1), 725-746.
• Lo, K. (2015). Campus sustainability in Chinese higher education institutions: Focuses, motivations and challenges. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(1), 34-43.
• Lozano, R., Barreiro-Gen, M., Lozano, F.J. ve Sammalisto, K. (2019). Teaching Sustainability in European Higher Education Institutions: Assessing the Connections between Competences and Pedagogical Approaches. Sustainability, 11(6), 1602.
• Meydan, C.H. ve Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Mitchell, R.C. (2011). Sustaining change on a Canadian campus: preparing Brock University for a sustainability audit. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 12(1), 7-21.
• Moganadas, S.R., Corral-Verdugo, V. ve Ramanathan, S. (2013). Toward systemic campus sustainability: Gauging dimensions of sustainable development via a motivational and perception-based approach. Environment, Development And Sustainability, 15(6), 1443-1464.
• Moore, J., Pagani, F., Quayle, M., Robinson, J., Sawada, B., Spiegelman, G. ve Van Wynsberghe, R. (2005). Recreating the university from within: Collaborative reflections on the University of British Columbia's engagement with sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 6(1), 65-80.
• Navickas, K. ve Navickienė, R. (2011). Determination of organizational sustainability in rural areas. In Annual 17th International Scientific Conference Proceedings, Research for rural development 2011" Jelgava, Latvia, 18-20 May 2011. Volume 2 (pp. 6-12). Latvia University of Agriculture.
• Nawaz, W. ve Koç, M. (2018). Development of a systematic framework for sustainability management of organizations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 1255-1274.
• Paulraj, A. (2011). Understanding the relationships between internal resources and capabilities, sustainable supply management and organizational sustainability. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(1), 19-37.
• Piza, V., Aparicio, J., Rodríguez, C., Marín, R., Beltrán, J. ve Bedolla, R. (2018). Sustainability in higher education: a didactic strategy for environmental mainstreaming. Sustainability, 10(12), 4556.
• Ramísio, P.J., Pinto, L.M.C., Gouveia, N., Costa, H. ve Arezes, D. (2019). Sustainability Strategy in Higher Education Institutions: Lessons learned from a nine-year case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 222(June), 300-309.
• Savage, E., Tapics, T., Evarts, J., Wilson, J. ve Tirone, S. (2015). Experiential learning for sustainability leadership in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(5), 692-705.
• Savanick, S., Baker, L. ve Perry, J. (2007). Case study for evaluating campus sustainability: nitrogen balance for the University of Minnesota. Urban Ecosystems, 10(2), 119-137.
• Savanick, S., Strong, R. ve Manning, C. (2008). Explicitly linking pedagogy and facilities to campus sustainability: Lessons from Carleton College and the University of Minnesota. Environmental Education Research, 14(6), 667-679.
• Savelyeva, T. ve McKenna, J. R. (2011). Campus sustainability: emerging curricula models in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 12(1), 55-66.
• Schermelleh-Engel, K. ve Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
• Shafiq, A., Johnson, P.F., Klassen, R.D. ve Awaysheh, A. (2017). Exploring the implications of supply risk on sustainability performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 37(10), 1386-1407.
• Sherman, D.J. (2008). Research and solutions: Sustainability: What's the big idea? A strategy for transforming the higher education curriculum. Sustainability: The Journal of Record, 1(3), 188-195.
• Shields, R. (2019). The sustainability of international higher education: Student mobility and global climate change. Journal of Cleaner Production, 217, 594-602.
• Shriberg, M. P. (2002). Sustainability in US Higher Education: Organizational Factors Influencing Campus Environmental Performance and Leadership. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan.
• Shriberg, M. ve Harris, K. (2012). Building sustainability change management and leadership skills in students: lessons learned from sustainability and the campus at the University of Michigan. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2(2), 154-164.
• Singh, R.K., Murty, H. R., Gupta, S. K. ve Dikshit, A. K. (2007). Development of composite sustainability performance index for steel industry. Ecological Indicators, 7(3), 565-588.
• Steiger, J.H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-98.
• Stough, T., Ceulemans, K., Lambrechts, W. ve Cappuyns, V. (2018). Assessing sustainability in higher education curricula: a critical reflection on validity issues. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4456-4466.
• Székely, N. ve vom Brocke, J. (2017). What can we learn from corporate sustainability reporting? Deriving propositions for research and practice from over 9,500 corporate sustainability reports published between 1999 and 2015 using topic modelling technique. PloS one, 12(4), e0174807.
• Tanaka, J.S. ve Huba, G.J. (1985). A fit index for covariance structure models under arbitrary GLS estimation. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38, 197- 201.
• Tekin, H. (1996). Eğitimde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme (9. baskı). Ankara: Yargı Kitap ve Yayınevi.
• Terouhid, S.A. (2013). A Dynamic Decision Support System For Organizational Sustainability Excellence Of Construction Firms. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University Of Florida.
• Turhan, K. (2010). A Quantitative Decision Model Towards Maximizing Organizational Sustainability. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering.
• Turhan, G.D., Özen, T. ve Albayrak, R.S. (2018). Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik kavrami, stratejik önemi ve sürdürülebilirlik performansi ölçümü. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 17-37.
• Uitto, A. ve Saloranta, S. (2017). Subject teachers as educators for sustainability: A survey study. Education Sciences, 7(1), 1-19.
• Yurdugül, H. (2005). Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında kapsam geçerliği için kapsam geçerlik indekslerinin kullanılması. Sözel bildiri, 28-30 Eylül 2005 XIV. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Denizli.
• Wang, L. ve Lin, L. (2007). A methodological framework for the triple bottom line accounting and management of industry enterprises. International Journal of Production Research, 45(5), 1063-1088.
• Wals, A.E. ve Schwarzin, L. (2012). Fostering organizational sustainability through dialogic interaction. The Learning Organization, 19(1), 11-27.
• Wikström, P.A. (2010). Sustainability and organizational activities–three approaches. Sustainable Development, 18(2), 99-107.
• Zemke, K.K. (2013). Determining the elements of sustainability in academic nursing clinical practices. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Minnesota.