Silisyumun bitki gelişimine olan etkileri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 151 - 163, 28.12.2018

Ayhan Horuz

Öz

Bu çalışmada silisyumun (Si) bitki gelişimi üzerine olan etkileri, noksanlık simptomları, toksisitesi ve gübrelemesi konuları incelenmiştir. Bitkiler silisyumu toprak çözeltisinden orto silisilik (H4SiO4) veya monosilisilik asit (Si(OH)4) anyon formunda absorbe ederler. Silisyum bitkilerin sap veya yapraklarında pektin ve kalsiyum iyonlarıyla birleşerek silika-selüluz membran tabakası (SiO2.2nH2O) oluşturmak suretiyle epidermal bitki dokularında polimerize olmaktadır. Bu sayede yapraklarda transpirasyonu azaltarak kuraklığa direnç sağlamakta, toprak çözeltisinde Al-Si, Fe-Si, Mn-Si kompleksleri oluşturarak bitkilerde olası ağır metal toksisitesini azaltmakta, hücre duvarının kalınlığını artırmak suretiyle gövdenin biyotik zararlılara karşı dayanıklılığını artırmaktadır. Toprakta aşırı tuz bulunması durumunda Na-silikat oluşturarak Na miktarını ve bitkide oluşturacağı tuz zararını azaltmaktadır. Gelişme ortamında silisyumun noksan ve yeterli bulunması durumları ile muhtemel stres şartlarında kullanılabilecek silisyumlu gübreler incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Silisyum, toprak, bitki, noksanlık, gübreleme

The effects of silicon on plant development

Öz

In this study, silicon (Si) effects on plant development, deficiency symptoms, toxicity and fertilization were investigated. Silicon is taken up from soil solution by the plant roots in the anion forms of orto silicic acid (H4SiO4) or mono silicic acid [Si(OH)4)]. Silicon polymerizes to form silica-cellulose membrane layer (SiO2·nH2O) by combining with pectin and calcium ions in the epidermal tissues of leaf or stem of plants. Thereby, it gains resistance against drought by reducing the transpiration, and reduces the transpiration of the leaves, reducing the toxicity of heavy metals in plants by forming Al-Si, Fe-Si and Mn-Si complexes in soil solution and increasing the stability of stem to biotic pests by increasing the thickness of the cell wall. Also, silicate reduces the amount of Na ions and the salt damage that will occur in the plant by forming Na-silicate. Si fertilizers were examined to be used in possible deficient and sufficient Si stress conditions in the growth media.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Silicon, Soil, Plant, deficiency, fertilization

Kaynakça

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