Evaluation of Factors Affecting Communication Functions in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 110 - 116, 30.03.2021

Okan Küçükakkaş Nesrin Yılmaz Bairamov Ozan Volkan Yurdakul Buğra İnce

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.747013

Öz

Objective: Communication disorders are one of the most common dysfunctions observed in cerebral palsy (CP). Our aim in this study was to explore clinical factors and socio-demographic characteristics associated with communication impairments in children with CP.

Material and Methods: One hundred and three CP children were evaluated with Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) for communication skills. Socio-demographic characteristics of the parents and detailed clinical data were collected. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) were used for the analysis of motor functions. The effect of all obtained data on communication skills was examined.

Results: The rates of the children with the highest and lowest level of CFCS were 21.4% and 23.3%, respectively. The presence of any comorbid disease, dyskinetic/quadriplegic CP subtype, poorer motor functional level, lower education level of the mother and lower rehabilitation intensity were found to be associated with communication impairments (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Communication is very important to lead a healthy and happy life in the social environment. This situation becomes more important for individuals with CP who have difficulty in adapting to society due to physical limitations. Therefore, it is very important to thoroughly evaluate the individuals with CP in terms of communication skills, to analyze the risk factors affecting communication and to make the necessary interventions on time to develop these skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

cerebral palsy, communication, comorbidities, clasification systems

Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda İletişim Fonksiyonlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: İletişim bozuklukları serebral palside (SP) gözlenen en yaygın işlev bozukluklarından biridir. Bu çalışmada amacımız SP’li çocuklarda iletişim bozuklukları ile ilişkili klinik faktörleri ve sosyo-demografik özellikleri araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yüz üç SP’li çocuk iletişim becerileri açısından İletişim Fonksiyonu Sınıflandırma Sistemi (İFSS) ile değerlendirildi. Ebeveynlerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ve ayrıntılı klinik veriler toplandı. Motor fonksiyonların analizi için Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Sınıflandırma Sistemi (KMFSS) ve Manuel Yetenek Sınıflandırma Sistemi (MYSS) kullanıldı. Elde edilen tüm verilerin iletişim becerileri üzerindeki etkisi incelendi.

Bulgular: İFSS düzeyi en yüksek ve en düşük olan çocukların oranı sırasıyla % 21.4 ve % 23.3’dü. Herhangi bir komorbid hastalık, diskinetik / kuadriplejik SP alt tipi, daha zayıf motor fonksiyonel düzey, annenin düşük eğitim düzeyi ve düşük rehabilitasyon yoğunluğu varlığı iletişim bozuklukları ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (p <0.05).

Sonuç: Sosyal ortamda sağlıklı ve mutlu bir yaşam sürmek için iletişim çok önemlidir. Bu durum, fiziksel kısıtlamalar nedeniyle topluma uyum sağlamada güçlük çeken SP’li bireyler için daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, SP’li bireyleri iletişim becerileri açısından kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmek, iletişimi etkileyen risk faktörlerini analiz etmek ve bu becerileri geliştirmek için zamanında gerekli müdahaleleri yapmak çok önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İletişim, serebral palsi, komorbiditeler, sınıflandırma sistemleri

Kaynakça

• Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 2007; 109:8-14.
• Johnson A. Prevalence and characteristics of children with cerebral palsy in Europe. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 2002; 44: 633-40.
• Parkes J, Hill NAN, Platt MJ, Donnelly C. Oromotor dysfunction and communication impairments in children with cerebral palsy: a register study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52: 1113–19.
• Coleman A, Weir KA, Ware RS, Boyd RN. Relationship between communication skills and gross motor function in preschool-aged children with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94: 2210-7.
• Hidecker MJ, Paneth N, Rosenbaum PL, Kent RD, Lillie J, Eulenberg JB, et al. Developing and validating the Communication Function Classification System for individuals with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53: 704–10.
• Dickinson HO, Parkinson KN, Ravens-Sieberer U, Schirripa G, Thyen U, Arnaud C, et al. Selfreported quality of life of 8–12-year-old children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional European study. Lancet 2007; 369: 2171-8.
• Schneider JW, Gurucharri LM, Gutierrez AL, Gaebler-Spira DJ. Health-related quality of life and functional outcome measures for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001; 43: 601-8.
• Hustad KC, Oakes A, McFadd E, Allison KM. Alignment of classification paradigms for communication abilities in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58: 597-604.
• Kavlak E, Tekin F. Examining various factors affecting communication skills in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation 2019; 44: 161-173.
• Aisen ML, Kerkovich D, Mast J, Mulroy S, Wren TA, Kay RM, et al. Cerebral palsy: clinical care and neurological rehabilitation. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 844-52.
• Pennington L, Goldbart J, Marshall J. Speech and language therapy to improve the communication skills of children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(2):CD003466.
• Haak P, Lenski M, Hidecker MJ, Li M, Paneth N. Cerebral palsy and aging. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009; 51(Suppl 4): 16-23.
• Barty E, Caynes K, Johnston LM. Development and reliability of the Functional Communication Classification System for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58: 1036–41.
• World Health Organization (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Available: http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/. Accessed 12 April 2020.
• Cans C. Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe: a collaboration of cerebral palsy surveys and registers. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42: 816–24.
• Rethlefsen SA, Ryan DD, Kay RM. Classification systems in cerebral palsy. Orthop Clin North Am 2010; 41: 457-67.
• Olcay Neyzi, Hülya Günöz, Andrzej Furman, Rüveyde Bundak, Gülbin Gökçay, Feyza Darendeliler, et al. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2008; 51: 1-14.
• Mutlu A, Kara ÖK, Livanelioğlu A, et al. Agreement between parents and clinicians on the communication function levels and relationship of classification systems of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Health J 2018; 11: 281-286.
• Hidecker MJ, Cunningham BJ, Thomas-Stonell N, Oddson B, Rosenbaum P. Validity of the Communication Function Classification System for use with preschool children with communication disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59: 526–30.
• Vander Zwart KE, Geytenbeek JJ, de Kleijn M, Oostrom KJ, Gorter JW, Hidecker MJ, et al. Reliability of the Dutch-language version of the Communication Function Classification System and its association with language comprehension and method of communication. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58: 180-8.
• Soleymani Z, Jovein G, Baghestani AR. The communication function classification system: cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Farsi version for patients with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 52: 333–37.
• Choi JY, Hwang EH, Rha D, Park ES. Reliability and validity of the Korean-language version of the Communication Function Classification System in children with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:140-146.
• Ashwal S, Russman BS, Blasco PA, Miller G, Sandler A, Shevell M, et al. Practice parameter: diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2004; 62: 851-63.
• Himmelmann K, Lindh K, Hidecker MJ. Communication ability in cerebral palsy: a study from the CP register of western Sweden. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2013; 17: 568–74.
• Zhang JY, Oskoui M, Shevell M. A population-based study of communication impairment in cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol 2015; 30: 277–84.
• Odding E, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ. The epidemiology of cerebral palsy: incidence, impairments and risk factors. Disabil Rehabil 2006; 28:183-91.
• Compagnone E, Maniglio J, Camposeo S, et al. Functional classifications for cerebral palsy: correlations between the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), the manual ability classification system (MACS) and the communication function classification system (CFCS). Res Dev Disabil 2014; 35: 2651-7.
• Hidecker MJ, Ho NT, Dodge N, Hurvitz EA, Slaughter J, Workinger MS, et al. Inter-relationships of functional status in cerebral palsy: analyzing gross motor function, manual ability, and communication function classification systems in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54: 737–42.
• Sigurdardottir S, Vik T. Speech, expressive language, and verbal cognition of preschool children with cerebral palsy in Iceland. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53: 74–80.
• Yin Foo R, Guppy M, Johnston LM. Intelligence assessments for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2013; 55: 911–18.