Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children Compared with Their Families in Turkey: A Tertiary-Care Hospital Experience

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 25 - 29, 30.01.2023

Burcu Cura Yayla , Kübra Aykaç , Fatma Eseroğlu , Ayşenur Demir , Ülkü Siyah , Gunay Tuncer Ertem , Salih Cesur , Jale Karakaya , Medine Taşar

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1090919

Öz

Objective: The COVID-19 outbreak that has spread all around the world is still a threat for humankind. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of the disease are enlightened day by day. It was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of children and their parents with COVID-19 to aid in diagnosis and treatment.

Material and Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of pediatric patients and their parents who were confirmed as COVID-19 positive, between April 23, and May 28, 2020, was conducted.

Results: A total of 93 children and 81 adults were evaluated in the present study. Asymptomatic and mild cases accounted for 63.5% of the children and 50% of the parents. Of the children, 3.2% had moderate illness, whereas this was 9.8% for the parents There was a statistically significant difference in terms of the severity of illness between the children and their parents (p =0.01). Although it had a milder clinical course in children, one child died. Increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed in 8.6% of the children and 48.1% of the patients, and there was statistically significant difference in terms of CRP levels between the children and their parents (p =0.001).

Conclusion: The clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of COVID-19 showed differences in the children and their parents. It should be kept in mind that COVID-19 can be fatal in children, although the course of the disease appears to be milder in children than in their parents

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adults, Children, COVID-19

Türkiye’de Aileleriyle Kıyasla Çocuklarda COVID-19'un Klinik Özellikleri: Bir Üçüncü Basamak Hastane Deneyimi

Öz

Giriş: Tüm dünyaya yayılan COVİD-19 salgını, insanlık için hala bir tehdittir. Hastalığın epidemiyolojik, klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik özellikleri gün geçtikçe gün yüzüne çıkmaktadır. Tanı ve tedaviye yardımcı olmak için COVİD-19'lu çocuk ve yetişkinlerin özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: 23 Nisan-28 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında COVİD-19 olduğu doğrulanan pediatrik ve yetişkin hastaların tıbbi kayıtlarının retrospektif olarak incelendi.

Bulgular: Bu çalışmada toplam 93 çocuk ve 81 yetişkin değerlendirildi. Asemptomatik ve hafif vakalar çocuklarda %63.5, ebeveynlerde ise %50 idi. Çocukların %3.2'si orta derecede hastalığa sahipken, ebeveynlerin %9.8'inde vardı. Çocuklar ve ebeveynler arasında hastalık şiddeti açısından istatistiksel olarak fark vardı (P=0.01). Çocuklarda daha hafif klinik duruma rağmen bir çocuk öldü. Çocukların %8.6'sında ve ebeveynlerin %48.1'inde C-reaktif protein (CRP) düzeylerinde artış görüldü, çocuklar ve ebeveynler arasında CRP artışı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (P=0.001).

Sonuç: COViD-19'un klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik özellikleri çocuklarda ve yetişkinlerde farklılıklar göstermektedir. COVİD-19'un hastalık seyri çocuklarda yetişkinlere göre daha hafif gibi görünse de, COVİD-19'un çocuklarda ölümcül olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

erişkin, çocuk, COVİD 19

Kaynakça

• Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ (Accessed: October 7, 2020.)
• CDC. Demographic trends of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the US reported to CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics. 2020 Oct 07 (Accessed: October 7, 2020.)
• Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA.2020; 323: 1239-42.
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497-506.
• Du W, Yu J, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang S, Li Q, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China. Infection 2020; 48: 445-52.
• Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, Jiang Z, et al. Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. J Emerg Med 2020; 58: 712–3.
• Su L, MaX, Yu H, Zhang Z, Bian P, Han Y, et al. The Different Clinical Characteristics of Corona Virus Disease Cases Between Children and Their Families in China - The Character of Children With COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9: 707-13.
• The Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey). https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf. Last update: 14 April 2020.
• Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA 2020; 323:1239–42
• Li X, Rong Y, Zhang P, Wang J, Qie L, Rong L, Xu J. Differences in Clinical Features and Laboratory Results between Adults and Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020: 6342598.
• Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? A review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the age-related difference in severity of SARS-CoV-2. Arch Dis Child 2020; 2021-106: 429-39.
• Wu Q, Xing Y, Shi L, Li W, Gao Y, Pan S, et al. Coinfection and Other Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children. Pediatrics 2020; 146: e20200961.
• MansourianM, Ghandi Y, Habibi D, Mehrabi S. COVID-19 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and laboratory findings. Arch Pediatr 2021; 28: 242-8.
• Wastnedge EAN, Reynolds RM, Van Boeckel SR, Stock SJ, Denison FC, Maybin JA, et al. Pregnancy and COVID19. Physiol Rev 2021;101: 303-18.
• Vakili S, Savardashtaki A, Jamalnia S, Tabrizi R, Nematollahi MH, Jafarinia M, et al. Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 Infection are Conflicting in Different Age Groups and Pregnant Women: A Literature Review. Arch Med Res 2020;51:603-7.
• Shen KL, Yang YH, Jiang RM, Wang TY, Zhao DC, Jiang Y, et al. Updated diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children: experts’ consensus statement (condensed version of the second edition). World J Pediatr 2020; 16: 232-9.
• Tavakolpour S, Rakhshandehroo T, Wei EX, Rashidian M. Lymphopenia during the COVID-19 infection: What it shows and what can be learned. Immunol Lett 2020; 225: 31-2.
• Parcha V, Booker KS, Kalra R, Kuranz S, Berra L, Arora G, et al. A retrospective cohort study of 12,306 pediatric COVID-19 patients in the United States. Sci Rep 2021;11:10231.
• Shekerdemian LS, Mahmood NR, Wolfe KK, Riggs BJ, Ross CE, McKiernan CA, et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units. JAMA Pediatr 2020;174: 868-73
• Demographic Trends of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the US reported to CDC. Available at: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics (Accessed October 7, 2020.)