Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood

Emine Duran; Zeliha Traş

doi:10.51535/tell.1203610

EN TR

Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the predictive power of demographic characteristics, cognitive flexibility and social appearance anxiety of individuals in emerging adulthood on preoccupation with the thought of eating and loss of control over eating, which are the sub-dimensions of food craving. The design of the research was structured according to the relational screening model. The study group of the research consists of 551 participants, 395 (71.7%) women and 156 (28.3%) men. “Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait Short Form”, “Cognitive Flexibility Inventory”, “Social Appearance Anxiety Scale” and “Personal Information Form” were used to collect research data. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between food craving, cognitive flexibility and social appearance anxiety. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of food craving of individuals in emerging adulthood. Considering the dimension of preoccupation with the thought of eating, while the alternatives, one of the sub-dimensions of cognitive flexibility, do not make a specific contribution to the model, the control sub-dimension makes a unique contribution to the model. When the sub-dimension of loss of control over eating is considered, alternatives from the sub-dimensions of cognitive flexibility make a low-level significant contribution to the model, while the sub-dimension of control makes a unique contribution to the model. The research results showed that the sub-dimensions of cognitive flexibility is an important predictor of preoccupation with the thought of eating and loss of control over eating, and similarly, social appearance anxiety is an important predictor of all sub-dimensions of food craving.

Keywords

Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility, Social Appearance Anxiety, Emerging Adulthood

Beliren Yetişkinlikte Yeme Arzusu, Bilişsel Esneklik ve Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, beliren yetişkinlikteki bireylerin demografik özelliklerinin, bilişsel esneklik ile sosyal görünüş kaygısının yeme arzusunun alt boyutları olan yeme düşüncesiyle meşgul olma ve yeme üzerinde kontrol kaybı üzerindeki yordayıcı gücünün ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın deseni, ilişkisel tarama modeline göre yapılandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 395’i (% 71.7) kadın 156’sı (% 28.3) erkek olmak üzere 551 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında “Yeme Arzusu Ölçeği Kısa Formu”, “Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri”, “Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Yeme arzusu, bilişsel esneklik ve sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin tespiti için korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Beliren yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerin yeme arzusunun yordayıcılarının tespiti için ise hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Ön analizler verilerin hiyerarşik regresyona uygun olduğunu göstermektedir. Yeme düşüncesi ile meşgul olma boyutu ele alındığında; bilişsel esnekliğin alt boyutlarından alternatiflerin modele özgün bir katkısı bulunmuyorken, kontrol alt boyutunun modele özgün bir katkısı bulunmaktadır. Yeme üzerinde kontrol kaybı alt boyutu ele alındığında ise, bilişsel esnekliğin alt boyutlarından alternatiflerin modele düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir katkısı bulunurken, kontrol alt boyutunun modele özgün bir katkısı bulunmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları bilişsel esnekliğin alt boyutlarının yeme düşüncesiyle meşgul olma ve yeme üzerinde kontrol kaybı; sosyal görünüş kaygısının ise yeme arzusunun tüm alt boyutlarının önemli yordayıcıları olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

yeme arzusu, bilişsel esneklik, sosyal görünüş kaygısı, beliren yetişkinlik

References

Ahima, R. S., & Antwi, D. A. (2008) Brain regulation of appetite and satiety. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 37(4), 811–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2008.08.005
Afzali, R,. Ehteshamzade, P., Asgari, P., Naderi, F., & Eftekhar Soadi, Z. (2021). Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on food craving, attention bias to food, and cognitive flexibility in people with binge eating disorder. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 8(3), 145-150. https://doi.org/10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.3.105
Albayrak, A. S. (2005). Çoklu doğrusal bağlanti halinde enküçük kareler tekniğinin alternatifi yanli tahmin teknikleri ve bir uygulama. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 1(1), 105-126.
Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya: Sakarya Publishing.
Anthony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (2008). The Shyness & Social Anxiety Workbook (2nd ed.). Oakland, CA.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
Cepeda-Benito, A., Gleaves, D. H., Fernández, M. C., Vila, J., Williams, T. L., & Reynoso, J. (2000). The development and validation of Spanish versions of the state and trait food cravings questionnaires. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(11), 1125-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00141-2
Chanturıa, K., Anderluh, M., Morrıs, R., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Collıer, D., Sanchez, P., & Treasure, J. (2004). Cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(4), 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617704104086
Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (2006). Social psychological models of food choice. Frontiers in Nutritional Science, 3, 41.
Dağ, İ., & Gülüm, V. (2013). Yetişkin bağlanma örüntüleri ile psikopatoloji belirtileri arasındaki ilişkide bilişsel özelliklerin aracı rolü: Bilişsel esneklik. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 24(4), 240-247.

Davison, G. C., Neale, J. M., & Kring, A. M. (2004). Abnormal psychology, with cases. Wiley.
Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
Doğan, T. (2010). Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği’nin (SGKÖ) Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 39, 151-159.
Erdoğan, İ. , Eryürek, S., & Ünübol, H. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve yeme tutumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Social Science, 2(2), 85-94. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/injoss/issue/47539/600497
Faraji, H., & Fırat, B. (2022). Yeme bozuklukları ve duygular. Fenerbahçe Üniversity Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 153-174.
Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Harney, M. B., Brownstone, L. M., Higgins, M. K., & Bardone-Cone, A. M.. (2012). Examining social physique anxiety and disordered eating in college women. The roles of social comparison and body surveillance. Appetite, 59(3), 795-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.019
Gabrys, R. L., Tabri, N., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K. (2018). Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: The cognitive control and flexibility questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02219
Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M., & Polivy, J. (2009). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2(2): 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198321)2:23.0.CO;2-6
Gerdan, G., & Kurt, M. (2020). Obezitede yönetici işlevler ve yeme stili arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yeni Symposium, 58(1).
Grimm E. R., & Steinle N. I. (2011) Genetics of eating behavior: established and emerging concepts. Nutrition Reviews, 69(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00361.x
Gümüş, A. E. (2000). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık ve beden imgelerinden doyum sosyal kaygı düzeyleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversity Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 33(1), 99-108.
Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
Gürdal Küey, A. (2008). Yeme bozuklukları. İstanbul Üniversity Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Continuing Education Activities Symposium Series, 63, 81-83.
Haase, A. M., Mountford V., & Waller G. (2007). Understanding the link between body checking cognitions and behaviors: the roll of social physique anxiety. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20356
Hart, T. A., Flora, D. B., Palyo, S. A., Fresco, D. M., Holle, C., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). Development and examination of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, Assessment, 15, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107306673
Hill, A. J. (2007). The psychology of food craving. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 66(2), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665107005502
Hill, M. L., Masuda, A., & Latzman, R. D. (2013). Body image flexibility as a protective factor against disordered eating behavior for women with lower body mass index. Eating Behaviors, 14(3), 336-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.06.003
Hofmann, W, Schmeichel, B. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2012). Executive functions and self-regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(3), 74–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.01.006
İnalkaç, S., & Arslantaş, H. (2021). Depresyon tanılı hastalarda duygusal yeme ve etkileyen faktörler. Journal of Health Sciences of Adıyaman University, 7(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.942978
Kaye, W. H., Bulik, C. M., Thornton, L., Barbarich, N., Masters, K., & Price Foundation Collaborative Group. (2004). Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(12), 2215-2221. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2215
La Greca, A. M., & Lopez, N. (1998). Among Adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26(2), 83-94.
McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2001). Body image and body change techniques among young adolescent boys. European Eating Disorders Review, 9(5), 335-347. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.389
Ogden, J. (2010). The psychology of eating: From healthy to disordered behaviour (2nd ed.). West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley–Blackwell.
Oktan, V. (2012). Beden imajı ve reddedilme duyarlılığının öznel iyi oluşu yordama gücü. Educational Sciences and Practice, 11(22), 119-134.
Öz, S. (2012). Ergenlerin cinsiyet, sosyo-ekonomik ve öğrenim kademesi düzeylerine göre bilişsel esneklik, uyum ve kaygı puanları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. [Unpublished master's thesis] Çukurova University Institute of Social Sciences.
Özkan, Y. (2017). Ergenlerde sosyal görünüş kaygısı ile duygusal yeme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Pelchat, M. L., & Schaefer, S. (2000). Dietary monotony and food cravings in young and elderly adults. Physiology & Behavior, 68(3), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(99)00190-0
Raman, J., Smith E., & Hay, P. (2013). The clinical obesity maintenance model: an integration of psychological constructs including mood, emotional regulation, disordered overeating, habitual cluster behaviours, health literacy and cognitive function. Journal of Obesity, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/240128
Roberts, M., Tchanturia, K., Stahl, D., Southgate, L., & Treasure, J. (2007). A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders. Psychological Medicine, 37(8), 1075-1084. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707009877
Rosenblum, G. D., & Lewis, M. (1999), The relations among body image, physical attractiveness, and bady mass in adolescence, Child Development, 70(1), 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00005
Sapmaz, F., & Doğan, T. (2013). Bilişsel esnekliğin değerlendirilmesi: Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 46(1), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001278
Stahl, L., & Pry, R. (2005). Attentional flexibility and perseveration: Developmental aspects in young children. Child Neuropsychology, 11(2), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/092970490911315
Svaldi, J., Schmitz, F., Trentowska, M., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Berking, M., & Nauman, E. (2014) Cognitive interference and food related memory bias in binge eating disorder. Appetite 72(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.014
Tan, C. C. & Chow, C. M. (2014). Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and İndividual Differences, 66, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.033
Tchanturia, K., Harrison, A., Davies, H., Roberts, M., Oldershaw, A., Nakazato, M., Stahl, D., Morris, R., Schmidt, U., & Treasure, J. (2011). Cognitive flexibility and clinical severity in eating disorders. Plos One, 6(6), e20462. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020462
Tekkurşun Demir, G., Namlı, S., & Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2021). Takım ve bireysel sporlarda sosyal görünüş kaygısı sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutumun belirleyicisi midir? SPORMETRE the Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 19 (4), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.915191
Thompson, A. M., & Chad, K. E. (2002). The relationship of social physique anxiety to risk for developing an eating disorder in young females. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(2), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00397-4
Traş, Z., & Gökçen, G. (2021). Yeme Arzusu Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, 3(2), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2021.17
Turel, T., Jameson, M., Gitimu, P., Rowlands, Z., Mincher, J., & Pohle-Krauza, R. (2018). Disordered eating: Influence of body image, sociocultural attitudes, appearance anxiety and depression-a focus on college males and a gender comparison. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1483062. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2018.1483062
Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ., (2011). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
Utschig, A. C., Presnell, K., Madeley, M. C., & Smits, J. A. (2010). An investigation of the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and bulimic psychopathology. Eating Behaviors, 11(4), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.05.003
Weingarten, H. P., & Elston, D. (1990). The phenomenology of food cravings. Appetite, 15(3), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6663(90)90023-2
Wendell, J. W., Masuda, A., & Le, J. K. (2012). The role of body image flexibility in the relationship between disordered eating cognitions and disordered eating symptoms among non-clinical college students. Eating Behaviors, 13(3), 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.03.006
Wood-Barcalow, N. L., Tylka, T. L., & Augustus-Horvath, C. L. (2010). “But I like my body”: Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young-adult women. Body İmage, 7(2), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.01.001
Wonderlich-Tierney, A. L., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The effects of social support and coping on the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 11(2), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.10.002
Yavuz, H. Ç., & Kutlu, Ö. (2016). Ekonomik bakımdan dezavantajlı öğrencilerin akademik yılmazlık düzeylerinin bazı koruyucu faktörler açısından incelenmesi. Education and Science, 41(186), 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.5497
Yücel, B. (2009). Estetik bir kaygıdan hastalığa uzanan yol: Yeme bozuklukları. Journal of Clinical Development, 22(4), 39-45.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Other Fields of Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Emine Duran ^*
0000-0002-2912-175X
Türkiye

Zeliha Traş
0000-0003-2670-0868
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2022

Submission Date

November 13, 2022

Acceptance Date

December 8, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 4 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1203610

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA37DL64MM

APA

Duran, E., & Traş, Z. (2022). Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 4(2), 322-333. https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1203610

AMA

1.Duran E, Traş Z. Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood. TELL. 2022;4(2):322-333. doi:10.51535/tell.1203610

Chicago

Duran, Emine, and Zeliha Traş. 2022. “Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood”. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning 4 (2): 322-33. https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1203610.

EndNote

Duran E, Traş Z (December 1, 2022) Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning 4 2 322–333.

IEEE

[1]E. Duran and Z. Traş, “Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood”, TELL, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 322–333, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.51535/tell.1203610.

ISNAD

Duran, Emine - Traş, Zeliha. “Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood”. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning 4/2 (December 1, 2022): 322-333. https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1203610.

JAMA

1.Duran E, Traş Z. Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood. TELL. 2022;4:322–333.

MLA

Duran, Emine, and Zeliha Traş. “Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood”. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, vol. 4, no. 2, Dec. 2022, pp. 322-33, doi:10.51535/tell.1203610.

Vancouver

1.Emine Duran, Zeliha Traş. Investigation of the Relationship Between Food Craving, Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood. TELL. 2022 Dec. 1;4(2):322-33. doi:10.51535/tell.1203610

Cited By

Ergenlerde Bilişsel Esneklik, Beden Algısı ve Öznel İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki

Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International

https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1548277

26172 20107