Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers

Berkman İşçi; Abdulghani Almaksour; Kıymet Yildirim; Nurettin Eltugral; Kamil Arslan

doi:10.14744/thermal.0000967

Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers

Abstract

Nanofluids have gained increasing attention because of their superior thermophysical properties compared to the base fluid. However, the environmental impact of the nanofluids has raised concerns together with their potential use in practical applications. This study aims to explore the impact of using Fe3O4 nanofluids stabilized by synthetic and natural stabilizers (CTAB and gelatin) to enhance thermal efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method with an average particle size of 200 nm. The nanofluids were prepared by dispersing the nanoparticles (0.1 wt% Fe3O4) in the presence of the stabilizers with concentrations between 0.2 and 1.0 wt% in deionized water. The impact of stabilizer type and concentration on the nanofluids’ stability was monitored through visual inspection. The thermal efficiency of the nanofluids was investigated experimentally on a laboratory-scale cooling tower at 45°C, with a 0.06 m3 /h volume flow rate, and between 0.02 and 0.07 kg/s air mass flow rates. The results show that nanofluid with 0.8 wt% gelatin achieves maximum stability for up to three weeks, significantly outperforming the nanofluid with the CTAB, which stabilized for only up to one week. The nanofluid with 0.8 wt% gelatin achieved a higher efficiency of 47 % at the air mass flow rate of 0.04 kg/s, consistently outperformed its CTAB counterpart. These results show that gelatin, a natural polypeptide, is more suitable than CTAB for nanofluid formulations, offering both thermal efficiency enhancement and environmental benefits due to its non-toxic and low-cost nature.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Aerodynamics (Excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Berkman İşçi
0000-0002-8825-072X
Türkiye

Abdulghani Almaksour This is me
0009-0008-5738-2237
Türkiye

Kıymet Yildirim This is me
0009-0001-8080-0694
Türkiye

Nurettin Eltugral ^* This is me
0000-0001-6393-9611
Türkiye

Kamil Arslan
0000-0002-1216-6812
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 31, 2025

Submission Date

June 10, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 31, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000967

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA66DR53XB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

İşçi, B., Almaksour, A., Yildirim, K., Eltugral, N., & Arslan, K. (2025). Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 11(4), 1024-1039. https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000967

AMA

1.İşçi B, Almaksour A, Yildirim K, Eltugral N, Arslan K. Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2025;11(4):1024-1039. doi:10.14744/thermal.0000967

Chicago

İşçi, Berkman, Abdulghani Almaksour, Kıymet Yildirim, Nurettin Eltugral, and Kamil Arslan. 2025. “Enhancement of Thermal Efficiency of a Wet Cooling Tower Using Magnetite Nanofluid With Different Stabilizers”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 11 (4): 1024-39. https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000967.

EndNote

İşçi B, Almaksour A, Yildirim K, Eltugral N, Arslan K (July 1, 2025) Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers. Journal of Thermal Engineering 11 4 1024–1039.

IEEE

[1]B. İşçi, A. Almaksour, K. Yildirim, N. Eltugral, and K. Arslan, “Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers”, Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1024–1039, July 2025, doi: 10.14744/thermal.0000967.

ISNAD

İşçi, Berkman - Almaksour, Abdulghani - Yildirim, Kıymet - Eltugral, Nurettin - Arslan, Kamil. “Enhancement of Thermal Efficiency of a Wet Cooling Tower Using Magnetite Nanofluid With Different Stabilizers”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 11/4 (July 1, 2025): 1024-1039. https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000967.

JAMA

1.İşçi B, Almaksour A, Yildirim K, Eltugral N, Arslan K. Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2025;11:1024–1039.

MLA

İşçi, Berkman, et al. “Enhancement of Thermal Efficiency of a Wet Cooling Tower Using Magnetite Nanofluid With Different Stabilizers”. Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, July 2025, pp. 1024-39, doi:10.14744/thermal.0000967.

Vancouver

1.Berkman İşçi, Abdulghani Almaksour, Kıymet Yildirim, Nurettin Eltugral, Kamil Arslan. Enhancement of thermal efficiency of a wet cooling tower using magnetite nanofluid with different stabilizers. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2025 Jul. 1;11(4):1024-39. doi:10.14744/thermal.0000967