Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches

Ferhat Kızılgeçi; Aras Türkoğlu; Kamil Haliloğlu; Seval Eliş; Büşra Polat; Gaye Akçelik; Mehmet Yıldırım; Fatih Demirel; Jan Bocianowski

doi:10.17557/tjfc.1765420

Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches

Abstract

Under changing climate conditions, evaluating both genetic and environmental factors is essential for crop improvement. Limitations of conventional breeding have increased the use of molecular markers to obtain precise genotypic information and improve selection efficiency. This study evaluated drought tolerance in 15 durum wheat genotypes across two cropping seasons under rainfed and irrigated conditions. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to assess agro-physiological traits, quality parameters, drought tolerance indices, and molecular diversity using iPBS and SCoT markers. Significant genotypic variation was observed for grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, hectoliter weight, protein and starch content, and color traits under both conditions. Ovidio had the highest grain yield and starch content, while Seckin 21 showed the highest 1000-kernel weight. Drought tolerance indices identified NZFM-41 and Maestrale as the most drought-resilient, and Ovidio as highly adaptable with stable yield. 12 indices (SSI, TOL, MP, GMP, STI, YI, YSI, HM, SDI, DI, RDI, SSPI) were calculated from yields under stress (Ys) and non-stress (Yp) conditions. Molecular analysis with 14 iPBS and 10 SCoT primers showed greater polymorphism and allelic diversity for iPBS (PIC = 0.287, Nei’s distance = 0.5348) than SCoT (PIC = 0.191, Nei’s distance = 0.2700). Clustering and population structure revealed two subpopulations, with iPBS providing higher resolution (FST = 0.3443). MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM, and DI were the most reliable indices for identifying drought-tolerant genotypes. In conclusion, iPBS markers exhibited higher discriminatory power than SCoT for assessing genetic diversity, while specific indices (MP, GMP, and STI) proved most effective for identifying drought-tolerant durum wheat genotypes, with NZFM-41 and Maestrale emerging as promising genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at enhancing climate resilience.

Keywords

Project Number

This study was partially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Mardin Artuklu University under project number MAÜ.BAP.22.KMY.030.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture, Agronomy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ferhat Kızılgeçi
0000-0002-7884-5463
Türkiye

Aras Türkoğlu ^*
0000-0003-2611-8034
Türkiye

Kamil Haliloğlu
0000-0002-4014-491X
Türkiye

Seval Eliş
0000-0001-6708-5238
Türkiye

Büşra Polat This is me
0009-0009-4617-3533
Türkiye

Gaye Akçelik
0009-0004-2138-3028
Türkiye

Mehmet Yıldırım
0000-0003-2421-4399
Türkiye

Fatih Demirel
0000-0002-6846-8422
Türkiye

Jan Bocianowski
0000-0002-0102-0084
Poland

Publication Date

April 17, 2026

Submission Date

August 16, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 31 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1765420

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85MY36RU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kızılgeçi, F., Türkoğlu, A., Haliloğlu, K., Eliş, S., Polat, B., Akçelik, G., Yıldırım, M., Demirel, F., & Bocianowski, J. (2026). Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1765420

AMA

1.Kızılgeçi F, Türkoğlu A, Haliloğlu K, et al. Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches. TJFC. 2026;31(1). doi:10.17557/tjfc.1765420

Chicago

Kızılgeçi, Ferhat, Aras Türkoğlu, Kamil Haliloğlu, et al. 2026. “Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 (1). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1765420.

EndNote

Kızılgeçi F, Türkoğlu A, Haliloğlu K, Eliş S, Polat B, Akçelik G, Yıldırım M, Demirel F, Bocianowski J (April 1, 2026) Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 1

IEEE

[1]F. Kızılgeçi et al., “Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches”, TJFC, vol. 31, no. 1, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.17557/tjfc.1765420.

ISNAD

Kızılgeçi, Ferhat - Türkoğlu, Aras - Haliloğlu, Kamil - Eliş, Seval - Polat, Büşra - Akçelik, Gaye - Yıldırım, Mehmet - Demirel, Fatih - Bocianowski, Jan. “Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31/1 (April 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1765420.

JAMA

1.Kızılgeçi F, Türkoğlu A, Haliloğlu K, Eliş S, Polat B, Akçelik G, Yıldırım M, Demirel F, Bocianowski J. Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches. TJFC. 2026;31. doi:10.17557/tjfc.1765420.

MLA

Kızılgeçi, Ferhat, et al. “Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, vol. 31, no. 1, Apr. 2026, doi:10.17557/tjfc.1765420.

Vancouver

1.Ferhat Kızılgeçi, Aras Türkoğlu, Kamil Haliloğlu, Seval Eliş, Büşra Polat, Gaye Akçelik, Mehmet Yıldırım, Fatih Demirel, Jan Bocianowski. Revealing Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance in Durum Wheat through Agro-Physiological and Molecular Approaches. TJFC. 2026 Apr. 1;31(1). doi:10.17557/tjfc.1765420