Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions

Birgul Guden; Moin Qureshi; Muharrem Gölükcü; Bülent Uzun; Engin Yol

doi:10.17557/tjfc.1801317

Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a versatile oilseed legume with lots of agricultural, food and health benefits. This study investigated the effect of sesame-peanut intercropping with different planting designs on fresh and dry biomass-related traits, root parameters, seed yield and its components in peanuts. Moreover, oil content and fatty acid composition of intercropped peanuts were comparatively analyzed. SPAD value and soil temperature were also evaluated across two consecutive growing seasons. Four planting designs were applied based on varying row spacing: planting design 1 (PD1), planting design 2 (PD2), monocropped peanut (MC), and monocropped sesame (MCs). The research revealed that intercropping decreased fresh and dry biomass-related traits and root parameters in peanuts. In comparison to MC (7224.08 kg/ha-1), the pod yield (PY) was significantly lower in PD1 (1298.93 kg/ha-1) and PD2 (3245.98 kg/ha-1). Although the hundred-seed weight (HSW) of peanuts varied by intercropping, there was no significant difference between MC and PD2. Intercropping had no significant effect on the oil content, but the fatty acid composition of peanuts showed different trends, which resulted in the highest oleic acid content in PD2 (59.74%) and the highest stearic acid content in PD1 (3.76%), which were significantly different from MC. The highest intercrop total land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.26 was identified in PD2, indicating that sesame–peanut intercropping in this planting system is advantageous, with both crops benefiting from the adjusted row spacing between the intercrop rows.

Keywords

References

Bellaloui, N., Smith, J., Gillen, A., Fisher, D., & Mengistu, A. (2012) Effect of Shade on Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Minerals in Soybean lines Varying in Seed Germinability in the Early Soybean Production System. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3, 84-95. 10.4236/ajps.2012.31008
Boydak, E., Alpaslan, M., Hayta, M., Gercek, S., & Simsek, M. (2002). Seed composition of soybeans grown in the Harran Region of Turkey as affected by row spacing and irrigation. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 50, 4718-4720. 10.1021/jf0255331
Bybee-Finley, K. A., & Ryan, M. R. (2018). Advancing Intercropping Research and Practices in Industrialized Agricultural Landscapes. Agriculture, 8, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8060080
Chavan, S. V., Chorey, A. B., Bhosle, Y. A., Patil, S. C., Pravin, V., & Mahatale, P. V. (2019). Influence of groundnut + sesame intercropping in different row proportion on growth, yield and quality of groundnut and sesame. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7, 1250-253.
Dufour, L., Metay, A., Talbot, G., & Dupraz, C. (2013). Assessing light competition for cereal production in temperate agroforestry systems using experimentation and crop modelling. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 199, 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12008
Fan, Y., Chen, J., Cheng, Y., Raza, M.A., Wu, X., Wang, Z., Liu, Q., Wang, R., Wang, X., Yong, T., & Yang, F. (2018). Effect of shading and light recovery on the growth, leaf structure, and photosynthetic performance of soybean in a maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping system. PLoS One, 13(5), e0198159. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198159
Feng, C., Sun, Z., Zhang, L., Feng, L., Zheng, J., Bai, W., Gu, C., Wang, Q., Xu, Z., & van der Werf, W. (2021). Maize/peanut intercropping increases land productivity: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 270, 108208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108208
Garces, R., & Mancha, M. (1993) One-step lipid extraction and fatty acid methyl esters preparation from fresh plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry, 211, 139-143. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1244

Gao, Y., Duan, A., Qiu, X., Liu, Z., Sun, J., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2010). Distribution of roots and root length density in a maize/soybean strip intercropping system. Agricultural Water Management, 98, 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.08.021
Gao, Y. L., Sun, Z. X., Bai, W., Feng, L. S., Yang, N., Cai, Q., Feng, C., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Productivity and water use efficiency of maize-peanut intercropping systems in the semi-arid region of western Liaoning Province. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 3702-3713.
Gong X., Ferdinand U., Dang K., Li, J., Chen, G., Luo Y., Yang, P., & Feng, B. (2020). Boosting proso millet yield by altering canopy light distribution in proso millet/mung bean intercropping systems. The Crop Journal, 8, 365–377. doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.09.009
Hafid, H. Syaiful, S. A. Fattah, & A. Djufry, F. (2021). The effect of the number of rows and varieties of soybean on growth and yield in intercropping with corn. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 648, 012204. 10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012204
Han, C., Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Wang, S., Song, H., Hao, J., & Dong, H. (2018). Light shading improves the yield and quality of seed in oil-seed peony (Paeonia ostii Feng Dan). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17, 1631-1640. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61979-3
Janila, P., Pandey, M. K., & Shasidhar, Y. (2016). Molecular breeding for introgression of fatty acid desaturase mutant alleles (ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B) enhances oil quality in high and low oil containing peanut genotypes. Plant Science, 242, 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plant.
Jensen, E. S., Carlsson, G., & Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. (2020). Intercropping of grain legumes and cereals improves the use of soil N resources and reduces the requirement for synthetic fertilizer N: A global-scale analysis. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-0607-x
Kaushal, T., Takanori, S., Mayumi, A., Norikuni, O., Kuni, S., Yoshihiko, T., Yoshifumi, N., Toru, T., & Takuji, O. (2007). Analysis of the nitrogen nutrition of soybean plants with deep placement of coated urea and lime nitrogen. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 53, 772-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00194.x
Kumagai, E., Yabiku, T., & Hasegawa, T. (2022). A strong negative trade-off between seed number and 100-seed weight stalls genetic yield gains in northern Japanese soybean cultivars in comparison with Midwestern US cultivars. Field Crops Research, 283, 108539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108539
Layek, J., Das, A., Mitran, T., Nath, C., Meena, R., Yadav, G. S., Shivakumar, B., Kumar, S., & Lal, R. (2018). Cereal+Legume Intercropping: An Option for Improving Productivity and Sustaining Soil Health. In: Meena, R., Das, A., Yadav, G., Lal, R. (eds) Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_11
Letourneau, D. K., Armbrecht, I., Rivera, B. S., Lerma, J., Carmona, E. J., Daza, M. C., Escobar, S., Galindo, V., GutiéRrez, C., LóPez, S. D., Mejía, J. L., Rangel, A. M. A., Rangel, J. H., Rivera, L., Saavedra, A. C., Torres, A. M., & Trujillo, A. R. (2011). Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review. Ecological Applications, 21(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-2026.1
Li, Y., Shi, D., Li, G., Zhao, B., Zhang, J., Liu, P., Ren, B., & Dong, S. (2019). Maize/peanut intercropping increases photosynthetic characteristics, 13C-photosynthate distribution, and grain yield of summer maize. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(10), 2219-2229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62616-X
Li, L., Tilman, D., Lambers, H., & Zhang, F.-S. (2014). Plant diversity and overyielding: Insights from belowground facilitation of intercropping in agriculture. New Phytologist, 203, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12778
Liao, B., & Holbrook, C. (2007) Groundnut. In: Singh, R.J. (ed) Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement, oilseed crops (pp 51–87). CRC Press
Liebman, M., & Dyck, E. (1993). Crop Rotation and Intercropping Strategies for Weed Management. Ecological Applications, 3(1), 92-122. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941795
Liu, X., Rahman, T., Song, C., Su, B., Yang, F., Yong, T., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., & Yang, W. (2017). Changes in light environment, morphology, growth and yield of soybean in maize-soybean intercropping systems. Field Crops Research, 200, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.003
Lunogelo, H.B., & Kazi, V. (2021). Market Outlook of Sesame Seeds and Competitive Opportunity for Tanzania, Policy Brief, 02, 1-4.
Maitra, S., Hossain, A., Brestic, M., Skalicky, M., Ondrisik, P., Gitari, H., Brahmachari, K., Shankar, T., Bhadra, P., Palai, J. B., Jena, J., Bhattacharya, U., Duvvada, S. K., Lalichetti, S., & Sairam, M. (2021). Intercropping—A low input agricultural strategy for food and environmental security. Agronomy, 11(2), 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020343
Malunjkar, B. D., Patil, Y. G., Mahajan, H. S., Mulik, B. B., & Patil, S. C. (2020). Assessment of planting pattern and land configuration on productivity of groundnut + sesame intercropping system under rainfed condition. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(1), 1903-1906. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1ab.8544
Mohan, K., Nadaf, H. L., & Hanchinal, R.R. (2013). Genetic improvement for oil quality through induced mutagenesis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 73(04), 378-85. 10.5958/j.0975-6906.73.4.057
Moore, K.M., & Knauft, D.A. (1989). The Inheritance of High Oleic Acid in Peanut. The Journal of Heredity, 3, 252-253. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110845
Najafabadi, A., & Jalilian, J. (2022). Impacts of High and Low-input Farming Systems on the Quality Change of Safflower oil While Intercropped with Bitter Vetch. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(3), 401-411. 10.15832/ankutbd.857026
Panda, M., Maitra, S., & Shankar, T. (2022). Influence of sesame and groundnut intercropping system on productivity and competitive ability of crops. Crop Research, 57(3), 171-177. 10.31830/2454-1761.2022.026
Priya, R. S., Chinnusamy, C., Manicaksundaram, P., & Babu, C. (2013). A review on weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 3, 163-172.
Rahman, T., Liu, X., Hussain, S., Ahmed, S., Chen, G., Yang, F., Chen, L., Du, J., Liu, W., & Yang, W. (2017). Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration in maize-soybean relay strip intercrop systems as affected by planting geometries. Plos One, 12(6), e0178332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178332
Raza, M. A., Yasin, H. S., Gul, H., Qin, R., Mohi, U., Din, A., Khalid, M. H. B., Hussain, S., Gitari, H., Saeed, A., Wang, J., Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Sabagh, A. E., Manzoor, A., Fatima, A., Ahmad, S., Yang, F., Skalicky, M., & Yang, W. (2022) Maize/soybean strip intercropping produces higher crop yields and saves water under semi-arid conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1006720. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006720
Rizzo, W. B., Watkins, P. A., Phillips, M. W., Cranin, D., Campbell, B., & Avigan, J. (1986). Adrenoleukodystrophy: oleic acid lowers fibroblast saturated C22-26 fatty acids. Neurology, 36(3), 357. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.36.3.35
Saad, A. H., El Naim, A. M., Ahmed, A. A., Ibrahim, K. A., Islam, Md. S., Al-Qthanin, R. N., & Idris, A. M. (2022). Response of Sesame to Intercropping with Groundnut and Cowpea. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 53(17), 2285–2296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2022.2071438
Savage, G.P. & Keenan, J. J. (1994). The composition and nutritive value of groundnut kernels. In: Smartt J, ed., The Groundnut Crop: A Scientific Basis for Improvement (pp. 173–213). Chapman & Hall
Taheri, S. E. H., Bazargan, M., Vosough, P. R., & Sadeghian, A. (2023). A comprehensive insight into peanut: chemical structure of compositions, oxidation process and storage conditions. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 105770. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105770
Toker, P., Canci, H., Turhan, I., Isci, A., Scherzinger, M., Kordrostami, M., & Yol, E. (2024). The advantages of intercropping to improve productivity in food and forage production – a review. Plant Production Science, 27(3), 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2024.2372878
Uzun, B., Arslan, C., & Furat, S. (2008) Variation in fatty acid compositions, oil content and oil yield in a germplasm collection of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 85, 1135–1142
Wang, Z., Zhao, X., Wu, P., He, J., Chen, X., Gao, Y., & Cao, X. (2015). Radiation interception and utilization by wheat/maize strip intercropping systems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 204, 58–66.
Wang, X., Wu, X., Ding, G., Yang, F., Yong, T., Wang, X., & Yang, W. (2020). Analysis of Grain Yield Differences Among Soybean Cultivars under Maize–Soybean Intercropping. Agronomy, 10, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010110
Wei, W., Liu, T., Shen, L., Wang, X., Zhang, S., & Zhang, W. (2022). Effect of Maize (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) Intercropping on Yield and Root Development in Xinjiang, China. Agriculture, 12, 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070996
Xia, H. Y., Wang, Z. G., Zhao, J. H., Sun, J. H., Bao, X. G., Christie, P., Zhang, F. S., & Li, L. (2013). Contribution of interspecific interactions and phosphorus application to sustainable and productive intercropping systems. Field Crops Research, 154, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.011
Yang, F., Liao, D., Fan, Y., Gao, R., Wu, X., Rahman, T., Yonga, T., Liu, W., Liua, J., Dua, J., Shua, K., Wanga, X., & Yang, V. (2016). Effect of narrow-row planting patterns on crop competitive and economic advantage in maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system. Plant Production Science, 20(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2016.1224553
Yılmaz, M., Şahin, C. B., & İşler, N. (2025). Effect of leaf damage on fat and fatty acids of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 30(2), 300–309. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1682760
Yol, E., Ustun, R., Golukcu, M., & Uzun, B. (2017). Oil Content, Oil Yield and Fatty Acid Profile of Groundnut Germplasm in Mediterranean Climates. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 94, 787-804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-017-2981-3
Yol, E., & Uzun, B. (2012). Geographical patterns of sesame accessions grown under Mediterranean environmental conditions, and establishment of a core collection. Crop Science, 52, 2206–2214. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0355
Zhang, L., van der Werf, W., Zhang, S., Li, B., & Spiertz, J. H. J. (2007). Growth, yield and quality of wheat and cotton in relay strip intercropping systems. Field Crops Research, 103, 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.06.002
Zhang, R., Yang, P., Liu, S., Wang, C., & Liu, J. (2022). Evaluation of the methods for estimating leaf chlorophyll content with SPAD chlorophyll meters. Remote Sensing, 14(20), 5144. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205144
Zhang, W., Li, Z., Gao, S., Yang, H., Xu, H., Yang, X., Fan, H., Su, Y., Surigaoge, S., Weiner, J., Fornara D., & Li, L. (2023). Resistance vs. surrender: different responses of functional traits of soybean and peanut to intercropping with maize. Amsterdam, Field Crops Research, 291. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108779

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agronomy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Birgul Guden ^*
0000-0002-7375-6533
Türkiye

Moin Qureshi
0000-0003-0032-5799
Türkiye

Muharrem Gölükcü
0000-0003-1646-5876
Türkiye

Bülent Uzun
0000-0001-6228-9629
Türkiye

Engin Yol
0000-0002-3152-6078
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 31, 2026

Submission Date

October 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 31, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 31 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1801317

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA44WT33BS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Guden, B., Qureshi, M., Gölükcü, M., Uzun, B., & Yol, E. (2026). Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1801317

AMA

1.Guden B, Qureshi M, Gölükcü M, Uzun B, Yol E. Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions. TJFC. 2026;31(1). doi:10.17557/tjfc.1801317

Chicago

Guden, Birgul, Moin Qureshi, Muharrem Gölükcü, Bülent Uzun, and Engin Yol. 2026. “Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 (1). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1801317.

EndNote

Guden B, Qureshi M, Gölükcü M, Uzun B, Yol E (March 1, 2026) Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31 1

IEEE

[1]B. Guden, M. Qureshi, M. Gölükcü, B. Uzun, and E. Yol, “Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions”, TJFC, vol. 31, no. 1, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.17557/tjfc.1801317.

ISNAD

Guden, Birgul - Qureshi, Moin - Gölükcü, Muharrem - Uzun, Bülent - Yol, Engin. “Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 31/1 (March 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1801317.

JAMA

1.Guden B, Qureshi M, Gölükcü M, Uzun B, Yol E. Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions. TJFC. 2026;31. doi:10.17557/tjfc.1801317.

MLA

Guden, Birgul, et al. “Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, vol. 31, no. 1, Mar. 2026, doi:10.17557/tjfc.1801317.

Vancouver

1.Birgul Guden, Moin Qureshi, Muharrem Gölükcü, Bülent Uzun, Engin Yol. Peanut Response to Sesame Intercropping under Mediterranean Climate Conditions. TJFC. 2026 Mar. 1;31(1). doi:10.17557/tjfc.1801317