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Environmental mercury exposure and health effects

Yıl 2020, , 204 - 217, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.554605

Öz

Mercury is a heavy metal and one of the major public health concern chemicals. Mercury is spread to the environment due to natural and human activities. Industrial processes such as coal-fired thermal power plants, coal-fired activities for heating, waste incineration and metal mining, and scrap metal processing are man-made activities that cause mercury in the environment. Exposure to mercury causes significant health effects. These health effects may vary depending on the type of mercury being exposed, dose, time, route, age and developmental status of the subject. Mercury has many health negative effects, particularly kidney toxicity and neurotoxic effects. In this review health effects of environmental mercury exposure are examined.

Kaynakça

  • 1.Mercury and health. Fact sheet Updated March 2017 [online]. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs361/en/ Accessed December 21, 2018
  • 2. Finster ME, Raymond MR, Scofield MA, Smith KP. Mercury-impacted scrap metal: Source and nature of the mercury. J Environ Manage 2015;161:303-308.
  • 3. Mercury. WHO International Programme on Chemical Safety [online]. Available at:http://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/mercury/en/ Accessed December 20, 2018
  • 4. Budnik LT, Casteleyn L. Mercury pollution in modern times and its socio-medical consequences. Sci Total Environ 2019;654:720-734
  • 5. Basic Information about Mercury [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/mercury/basic-information-about-mercury Accessed January 5, 2019
  • 6. Carocci A, Rovito N, Sinicropi MS, Genchi G. Mercury toxicity and neurodegenerative effects. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2014;229:1-18.
  • 7. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Mercury – ToxFAQs [online]. Available at: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts46.pdf Accessed December 11, 2019.
  • 8. Tchounwou PB, Ayensu WK, Ninashvili N, Sutton D. Environmental Exposure to Mercury and Its Toxicopathologic Implications for Public Health. Environ Toxicol 2003;18(3):149-75.
  • 9. Mercury general information ENEP web sayfası [online]. Available at: https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/chemicals-waste/what-we-do/mercury/mercury-general-information Accessed January 21, 2019
  • 10. Trasande L, Landrigan PJ, Schechter C. Public Health and Economic Consequences of Methyl Mercury Toxicity to the Developing Brain. Environ Health Perspect. 2005; 113(5): 590–596.
  • 11. Preventing disease through healthy environments exposure to mercury: a major public health concern. Public Health and Environment. World Health Organization, 2007. [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/ipcs/features/mercury.pdf Accessed January 21, 2019
  • 12. Mercury and health. [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mercury-and-health Accessed January 21, 2019
  • 13. Wisconsın mercury sourcebook. Mercury use: agriculture [online]. Available at: https://p2infohouse.org/ref/04/03851/agr.pdf 23 Ocak 2019 Accessed December 12, 2018
  • 14. Mercury in skin lightening products. World Health Organization 2011 [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/mercury_flyer.pdf Accessed December 27, 2018
  • 15. Mercury Poisoning Linked to Skin Products [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm294849.htm Accessed December 27, 2018
  • 16. Tatlı EC, Avşar AFY. Dental Amalgam‐Civa Toksisitesi Ankara Med J, 2016;(4):383‐386.
  • 17. Bengtsson UG, Hylander LD. Increased mercury emissions from modern dental amalgams. Biometals 2017; 30:277–283.
  • 18. About Dental Amalgam Fillings [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/dental-amalgam/about-dental-amalgam-fillings Accessed September 27, 2019
  • 19.Mercury in Dental Amalgam. [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/mercury/mercury-dental-amalgam Accessed September 27, 2019
  • 20.Advice About Eating Fish. [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/UCM536321.pdf Accessed February 10, 2019
  • 21.Çamur D, Güler Ç, Vaizoğlu SA, Özdilek B. Determining mercury levels in anchovy and in individuals with different fish consumption habits, together with their neurological effects. Toxicol Ind Health 2016;32(7):1215-23.
  • 22.Ulusoy Ş, Mol S, Karakulak FS, Kahraman AE. Selenium-Mercury Balance in Commercial Fish Species from the Turkish Waters. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018 Dec 14. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1609-2.
  • 23.Commission regulatıon (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 364, 20.12.2006, p. 5) [online]. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02006R1881-20180319&qid=1550657909582&from=EN Accessed February 15, 2019
  • 24.Mercury [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/chemical_safety/contaminants/catalogue/mercury_en Accessed February 20, 2019
  • 25.Mercury. Breastfeeding mothers should minimize exposure to mercury in their diets, at home, and at work. [online]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/environmental-exposures/mercury.html Accessed February 20, 2019
  • 26.UN Environment, 2019. Global Mercury Assessment 2018 UN Environment Programme, Chemicals and Health Branch Geneva_ Switzerland
  • 27.Mercury Emissions: The Global Context. [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/mercury-emissions-global-context Accessed March 25, 2019.
  • 28.World Unites Against Mercury Pollution. [online]. Available at: https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/world-unites-against-mercury-pollution Accessed March 25, 2019.
  • 29.European Environment Agency, 2018. Mercury in Europe’s environment A priority for European and global action. EEA, Copenhagen.
  • 30.Air & mercury cutting mercury emissions, improving people’s health. [online]. Available at: https://env-health.org/IMG/pdf/13._airmercury_final.pdf European Environmental Bureau. Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 31.Katı yakıtların üretim, ithalat, ihracat, teslimat ve stok değişim miktarları, 2017, 2018. [online]. Available at: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do;jsessionid=cmrnccwQpQdh41LCmJXjHSm5pRY3zLyjFjxqhNSQRryzrRRvgnYN!-429722507?id=30612 Accessed March 28, 2019.
  • 32.Ekonomi Bakanlığı Çimento sektörü, sektör raporu. İhracat genel Müdürlüğü Kimya Ürünleri ve Özel İhracat Daire Başkanlığı. [online]. Available at: https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b87000813b8761450e18d7b/Cimento.pdf Accessed March 28, 2019.
  • 33.Minamata Sözleşmesi Türkiye’de Ön Değerlendirme Projesi. [online]. Available at: https://civasizturkiye.com/belgeler/ulusal_envanter_sunumlari/turkiyede-on-degerlendirme-projesi.pdf Accessed March 28, 2019.
  • 34.Maden tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü (2016). Türkiye’de ve dünyada altın. [online]. Available at: https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/sayfalar/bilgi-merkezi/maden-serisi/Altin.pdf Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 35.T.C. Tarım Ve Orman Bakanlığı Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. [online]. Available at: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/BSGM.pdf Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 36.Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Su Ürünleri Raporu. [online]. Available at: http://www.zmo.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=27302&tipi=17&sube=0 Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 37.CNN Turk web sayfası, 25.04.2018 tarihli haber “Karaman'da 8 öğrenci cıva zehirlenmesi şüphesiyle Ankara'ya sevk edildi”. [online]. Available at: https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/karamanda-8-ogrenci-civa-zehirlenmesi-suphesiyle-ankaraya-sevk-edildi Accessed March 30, 2019.
  • 38.Milliyet web sayfası, 02.11.2017 tarihli haber “Başkentte Okulda Civa Zehirlenmesi”. [online]. Available at: http://www.milliyet.com.tr/baskentte-okulda-civa-zehirlenmesi-ankara-yerelhaber-2379074/ Accessed March 30, 2019.
  • 39.Sputnik Türkiye web sayfası 14.02.2019 tarihli haber “Adıyaman'da cıva zehirlenmesi şüphesi: 35 öğrenci hastaneye kaldırıldı” [online]. Available at: https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201902141037649774-adiyaman-civa-zehirlenmesi-suphesi-ogrenci-hastane-kaldirildi/ Accessed March 30, 2019.
  • 40.Health Effects of Exposures to Mercury. [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury Accessed January 25, 2019.
  • 41.Mercury Quick Facts Health Effects of Mercury Exposure [online]. Available at: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/healtheffectsmercury.pdf Accessed January 25, 2019.
  • 42. Vaizoğlu SA, Çamur D. Cıva. İçinde: İçinde Güler Ç (ed.). Çevre sağlığı (Çevre ve Ekoloji Bağlantılarıyla). Ankara: Yazıt yayıncılık:1045-1059, 2012.
  • 43.Mercury Compounds [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/mercury-compounds.pdf Accessed January 25, 2019.
  • 44.List of classifıcations, Volumes 1-123. [online]. Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/list-of-classifications-volumes/ Accessed January 25, 2019. 45.Cıva: Çevre ve insan sağlığı için kalıcı bir tehdit. Interview with Ian Marnane. [online]. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/tr/articles/civa-cevre-ve-insan-sagligi Accessed January 28, 2019.
  • 46.Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü Kimyasallar Yönetimi Dairesi Başkanlığı web sayfası. Minamata Sözleşmesi [online]. Available at: http://onceliklikimyasallar.csb.gov.tr/minamata-sozlesmesi-i-5179 Accessed January 28, 2019.

Çevresel cıva maruz kalımı ve sağlık etkileri

Yıl 2020, , 204 - 217, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.554605

Öz

Cıva halk sağlığı açısından endişe oluşturan kimyasallardan biri olan bir ağır metaldir. Çevreye doğal ve insan kaynaklı aktiviteler kaynaklı yayılmaktadır. Kömürlü termik santraller gibi enerji tesisleri, ısınma amaçlı kömür kullanımı, atık yakma ve metal madenciliği, hurda metal işleme gibi işlemler, cıvanın çevrede bulunmasına neden olan insan kaynaklı aktivitelerdir. Cıva maruz kalımı önemli sağlık etkilerine neden olmaktadır. Oluşan sağlık etkileri maruz kalınan cıvanın türüne, maruz kalınan doza, maruz kalan kişinin yaşına ve gelişimsel durumuna, maruz kalım süresine ve maruz kalım yoluna göre değişkenlik göstermektedir. Cıva birçok olumsuz sağlık etkisine, özellikle de böbrek toksisitesine ve nörotoksik etkilere sahiptir. Bu yazıda ağırlıklı olarak çevresel maruz kalımlar olmak üzere cıva maruz kalımı ve sağlık etkileri incelenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1.Mercury and health. Fact sheet Updated March 2017 [online]. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs361/en/ Accessed December 21, 2018
  • 2. Finster ME, Raymond MR, Scofield MA, Smith KP. Mercury-impacted scrap metal: Source and nature of the mercury. J Environ Manage 2015;161:303-308.
  • 3. Mercury. WHO International Programme on Chemical Safety [online]. Available at:http://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/mercury/en/ Accessed December 20, 2018
  • 4. Budnik LT, Casteleyn L. Mercury pollution in modern times and its socio-medical consequences. Sci Total Environ 2019;654:720-734
  • 5. Basic Information about Mercury [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/mercury/basic-information-about-mercury Accessed January 5, 2019
  • 6. Carocci A, Rovito N, Sinicropi MS, Genchi G. Mercury toxicity and neurodegenerative effects. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2014;229:1-18.
  • 7. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Mercury – ToxFAQs [online]. Available at: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts46.pdf Accessed December 11, 2019.
  • 8. Tchounwou PB, Ayensu WK, Ninashvili N, Sutton D. Environmental Exposure to Mercury and Its Toxicopathologic Implications for Public Health. Environ Toxicol 2003;18(3):149-75.
  • 9. Mercury general information ENEP web sayfası [online]. Available at: https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/chemicals-waste/what-we-do/mercury/mercury-general-information Accessed January 21, 2019
  • 10. Trasande L, Landrigan PJ, Schechter C. Public Health and Economic Consequences of Methyl Mercury Toxicity to the Developing Brain. Environ Health Perspect. 2005; 113(5): 590–596.
  • 11. Preventing disease through healthy environments exposure to mercury: a major public health concern. Public Health and Environment. World Health Organization, 2007. [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/ipcs/features/mercury.pdf Accessed January 21, 2019
  • 12. Mercury and health. [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mercury-and-health Accessed January 21, 2019
  • 13. Wisconsın mercury sourcebook. Mercury use: agriculture [online]. Available at: https://p2infohouse.org/ref/04/03851/agr.pdf 23 Ocak 2019 Accessed December 12, 2018
  • 14. Mercury in skin lightening products. World Health Organization 2011 [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/mercury_flyer.pdf Accessed December 27, 2018
  • 15. Mercury Poisoning Linked to Skin Products [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm294849.htm Accessed December 27, 2018
  • 16. Tatlı EC, Avşar AFY. Dental Amalgam‐Civa Toksisitesi Ankara Med J, 2016;(4):383‐386.
  • 17. Bengtsson UG, Hylander LD. Increased mercury emissions from modern dental amalgams. Biometals 2017; 30:277–283.
  • 18. About Dental Amalgam Fillings [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/dental-amalgam/about-dental-amalgam-fillings Accessed September 27, 2019
  • 19.Mercury in Dental Amalgam. [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/mercury/mercury-dental-amalgam Accessed September 27, 2019
  • 20.Advice About Eating Fish. [online]. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/UCM536321.pdf Accessed February 10, 2019
  • 21.Çamur D, Güler Ç, Vaizoğlu SA, Özdilek B. Determining mercury levels in anchovy and in individuals with different fish consumption habits, together with their neurological effects. Toxicol Ind Health 2016;32(7):1215-23.
  • 22.Ulusoy Ş, Mol S, Karakulak FS, Kahraman AE. Selenium-Mercury Balance in Commercial Fish Species from the Turkish Waters. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018 Dec 14. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1609-2.
  • 23.Commission regulatıon (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 364, 20.12.2006, p. 5) [online]. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02006R1881-20180319&qid=1550657909582&from=EN Accessed February 15, 2019
  • 24.Mercury [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/chemical_safety/contaminants/catalogue/mercury_en Accessed February 20, 2019
  • 25.Mercury. Breastfeeding mothers should minimize exposure to mercury in their diets, at home, and at work. [online]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/environmental-exposures/mercury.html Accessed February 20, 2019
  • 26.UN Environment, 2019. Global Mercury Assessment 2018 UN Environment Programme, Chemicals and Health Branch Geneva_ Switzerland
  • 27.Mercury Emissions: The Global Context. [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/mercury-emissions-global-context Accessed March 25, 2019.
  • 28.World Unites Against Mercury Pollution. [online]. Available at: https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/world-unites-against-mercury-pollution Accessed March 25, 2019.
  • 29.European Environment Agency, 2018. Mercury in Europe’s environment A priority for European and global action. EEA, Copenhagen.
  • 30.Air & mercury cutting mercury emissions, improving people’s health. [online]. Available at: https://env-health.org/IMG/pdf/13._airmercury_final.pdf European Environmental Bureau. Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 31.Katı yakıtların üretim, ithalat, ihracat, teslimat ve stok değişim miktarları, 2017, 2018. [online]. Available at: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do;jsessionid=cmrnccwQpQdh41LCmJXjHSm5pRY3zLyjFjxqhNSQRryzrRRvgnYN!-429722507?id=30612 Accessed March 28, 2019.
  • 32.Ekonomi Bakanlığı Çimento sektörü, sektör raporu. İhracat genel Müdürlüğü Kimya Ürünleri ve Özel İhracat Daire Başkanlığı. [online]. Available at: https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b87000813b8761450e18d7b/Cimento.pdf Accessed March 28, 2019.
  • 33.Minamata Sözleşmesi Türkiye’de Ön Değerlendirme Projesi. [online]. Available at: https://civasizturkiye.com/belgeler/ulusal_envanter_sunumlari/turkiyede-on-degerlendirme-projesi.pdf Accessed March 28, 2019.
  • 34.Maden tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü (2016). Türkiye’de ve dünyada altın. [online]. Available at: https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/sayfalar/bilgi-merkezi/maden-serisi/Altin.pdf Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 35.T.C. Tarım Ve Orman Bakanlığı Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. [online]. Available at: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/BSGM.pdf Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 36.Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Su Ürünleri Raporu. [online]. Available at: http://www.zmo.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=27302&tipi=17&sube=0 Accessed March 29, 2019.
  • 37.CNN Turk web sayfası, 25.04.2018 tarihli haber “Karaman'da 8 öğrenci cıva zehirlenmesi şüphesiyle Ankara'ya sevk edildi”. [online]. Available at: https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/karamanda-8-ogrenci-civa-zehirlenmesi-suphesiyle-ankaraya-sevk-edildi Accessed March 30, 2019.
  • 38.Milliyet web sayfası, 02.11.2017 tarihli haber “Başkentte Okulda Civa Zehirlenmesi”. [online]. Available at: http://www.milliyet.com.tr/baskentte-okulda-civa-zehirlenmesi-ankara-yerelhaber-2379074/ Accessed March 30, 2019.
  • 39.Sputnik Türkiye web sayfası 14.02.2019 tarihli haber “Adıyaman'da cıva zehirlenmesi şüphesi: 35 öğrenci hastaneye kaldırıldı” [online]. Available at: https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201902141037649774-adiyaman-civa-zehirlenmesi-suphesi-ogrenci-hastane-kaldirildi/ Accessed March 30, 2019.
  • 40.Health Effects of Exposures to Mercury. [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury Accessed January 25, 2019.
  • 41.Mercury Quick Facts Health Effects of Mercury Exposure [online]. Available at: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/healtheffectsmercury.pdf Accessed January 25, 2019.
  • 42. Vaizoğlu SA, Çamur D. Cıva. İçinde: İçinde Güler Ç (ed.). Çevre sağlığı (Çevre ve Ekoloji Bağlantılarıyla). Ankara: Yazıt yayıncılık:1045-1059, 2012.
  • 43.Mercury Compounds [online]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/mercury-compounds.pdf Accessed January 25, 2019.
  • 44.List of classifıcations, Volumes 1-123. [online]. Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/list-of-classifications-volumes/ Accessed January 25, 2019. 45.Cıva: Çevre ve insan sağlığı için kalıcı bir tehdit. Interview with Ian Marnane. [online]. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/tr/articles/civa-cevre-ve-insan-sagligi Accessed January 28, 2019.
  • 46.Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü Kimyasallar Yönetimi Dairesi Başkanlığı web sayfası. Minamata Sözleşmesi [online]. Available at: http://onceliklikimyasallar.csb.gov.tr/minamata-sozlesmesi-i-5179 Accessed January 28, 2019.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Rapor
Yazarlar

Cavit İşık Yavuz 0000-0001-9279-1740

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Nisan 2019
Kabul Tarihi 5 Kasım 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz, C. İ. (2020). Environmental mercury exposure and health effects. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 18(2), 204-217. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.554605
AMA Yavuz Cİ. Environmental mercury exposure and health effects. TJPH. Ağustos 2020;18(2):204-217. doi:10.20518/tjph.554605
Chicago Yavuz, Cavit İşık. “Environmental Mercury Exposure and Health Effects”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2020): 204-17. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.554605.
EndNote Yavuz Cİ (01 Ağustos 2020) Environmental mercury exposure and health effects. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18 2 204–217.
IEEE C. İ. Yavuz, “Environmental mercury exposure and health effects”, TJPH, c. 18, sy. 2, ss. 204–217, 2020, doi: 10.20518/tjph.554605.
ISNAD Yavuz, Cavit İşık. “Environmental Mercury Exposure and Health Effects”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 18/2 (Ağustos 2020), 204-217. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.554605.
JAMA Yavuz Cİ. Environmental mercury exposure and health effects. TJPH. 2020;18:204–217.
MLA Yavuz, Cavit İşık. “Environmental Mercury Exposure and Health Effects”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, c. 18, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 204-17, doi:10.20518/tjph.554605.
Vancouver Yavuz Cİ. Environmental mercury exposure and health effects. TJPH. 2020;18(2):204-17.

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