A Comparative Study on the knowledge and attitude of COVID-19 among Urban and Rural populations of Bangladesh

Abstract

Objective: This study is aimed to identify the awareness and behavioral perspective on COVID-19 between urban and rural people of Bangladesh during the period of outbreak. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 30 districts of Bangladesh, where 322 participants from urban and 312 from rural area. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Results: Rural people are found to be much more inter connected to receive information from neighbor. Regarding the incubation periods and the general symptoms, knowledge differs significantly from urban to rural. Even their precautionary and transmission knowledge is found to associate in most of the cases. During this outbreak, urban people significantly increase their religious habits and also believe that there will some major change of life after outbreak. Conclusion: The descriptive study reflected that health education program needed to aware about COVID-19 in both urban and rural in Bangladesh that helps in formulating and executing communication and outbreak management.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• outbreak
• SARS-CoV-2
• awareness
• Bangladesh

Bangladeş’in kentsel ve kırsal nüfusları arasında COVID-19 üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, salgın döneminde Bangladeş’in kentsel ve kırsal kesiminde yaşayan insanlar arasında COVID-19 hakkında farkındalık ve davranışsal bakış açısını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bangladeş’in 30 ilçesinde, kentsel alanlardan 322 ve kırsal alandan 312 katılımcının bulunduğu topluluk temelli kesitsel bir çalışma yürütüldü. Katılımcılar uygun örnekleme yoluyla seçildi. Bulgular: Kırsal kesimde yaşayan insanların komşularından bilgi almak için birbirleriyle çok daha bağlantılı oldukları görülmüştür. Kuluçka dönemleri ve genel semptomlarla ilgili olarak, bilgi kentselden kırsana önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermektedir. İhtiyati ve aktarım bilgilerinin bile çoğu durumda ilişkilendirildiği görülmektedir. Bu salgın sırasında, şehirli insanlar dini alışkanlıklarını önemli ölçüde artırıyor ve ayrıca salgının ardından bazı büyük yaşam değişiklikleri olacağına inanıyor. Sonuç: Çalışma, sağlık eğitimi programının Bangladeş’te hem kentsel hem de kırsalda iletişim ve salgın yönetiminin formüle edilmesine ve yürütülmesine yardımcı olan COVID-19 hakkında bilgi sahibi olması gerektiğini gösterdi.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• salgın
• SARS-CoV-2
• farkındalık
• Bangladeş

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome -Worldwide, 2003. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52(12):241-248.
2. WHO | Update 31 - Coronavirus never before seen in humans is the cause of SARS. https://www.who.int/csr/sars/archive/2003_04_16/en/. Accessed May 12, 2020.
3. Al-Osail AM, Al-Wazzah MJ. The history and epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2017;12(1):1-6.
4. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet.2020;395(10223):497-506.
5. Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklöv J. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med. 2020;27(2):1-6.
6. Liang K. Mathematical model of infection kinetics and its analysis for COVID-19, SARS and MERS. Infect Genet Evol. 2020;82(March):104306.
7. Zhong BL, Luo W, Li HM, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1745-1752.
8. http://www.iedcr.gov.bd.msev` weÁwß. Bangladesh Covid-19 Updat Inst Epidemiol Dis Control Res.:23-25.

9. COVID-19. H who. int/bangladesh/emergencies/coronavirus-diseas.-(covid-19)-update/coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-bangladesh-situation-reports(2020).
10. COVID-19: Bangladesh to extend lockdown until May 16. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/covid-19-bangladesh-to-extend-lockdown-until-may-16/1826659. Accessed May 12, 2020.
11. Bhuiyan, A. I., Sakib, N., Pakpour, A. H., Griffiths, M. D., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). COVID-19-related suicides in Bangladesh due to lockdown and economic factors: case study evidence from media reports. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-6.
12. Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073.
13. Molla, M. A.-M. (2021, April 7). Half the country at high risk. The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/half-the-country-high-risk-2073313.
14. COVID-19. (n.d.). http://dashboard.dghs.gov.bd/webportal/pages/covid19.php.
15. Report, S. D. (2021, July 12). Govt to EASE ‘strict lockdown’ from July 15 to 22. The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/governance/news/govt-ease-strict-lockdown-july-15-22-2128321.
16. Bangladesh resumes strict LOCKDOWN after Eid holidays. Anadolu Ajansı. (n.d.). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-resumes-strict-lockdown-after-eid-holidays/2311955.
17. Administrator. (n.d.). COVID-19 daily press release. https://old.iedcr.gov.bd/website/index.php/component/content/article/11-others/227-pressrelease.
18. Coronavirus cases: Worldometer. (n.d.). https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
19. Craddock S, Markel H. Quarantine! East European Jewish Immigrants and the New York City Epidemics of 1892. J Am Hist. 2001;88(3):1100.
20. McClain CJ. In search of equality: the Chinese struggle against discrimination in nineteenth-century America. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press; 1994.
21. Choi JS, Kim KM (2018) Infection-control knowledge, attitude, practice, and risk perception of occupational exposure to Zika virus among nursing students in Korea: a cross-sectional survey. J Infect Public Health 11:840–844.
22. Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M et al (2017) Pandemics: risks, impacts, and mitigation, chap 17. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S et al (eds) Disease control priorities: improving health and reducing poverty, 3rd edn. The International Bank for Recon.
23. Almutairi KM, Al Helih EM, Moussa M et al (2015) Awareness, attitudes, and practices related to coronavirus pandemic among public in Saudi Arabia. Family Community Health 38:332–340.
24. Yap J, Lee VJ, Yau TY et al (2010) Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards pandemic influenza among cases, close contacts, and healthcare workers in tropical Singapore: a crosssectional survey. BMC Public Health 10:442.
25. Person B, Sy F, Holton K, Govert B, Liang A, Sars N. 03-0750. 2004;10(2).
26. Tao N. An analysis on reasons of SARS-induced psychological panic among students. Journal of Anhui Institute of Education. 2003; 21: 78-9.
27. Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020:3-6.
28. Ajzen I, Fishbein M (2005) The influence of attitudes on behavior. In: Albarracı´n D, Johnson BT, Zanna MP (eds) The handbook of attitudes. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, pp 173–221.
29. Chen Y, Jin Y, Zhu L et al. (2020) The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about Novel coronavirus pneumonia of the residents in Anhui Province Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi, Chinese journal of preventive medicine, 54:E004.
30. Yue, S., Zhang, J., Cao, M., & Chen, B. (2021). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of COVID-19 Among Urban and Rural Residents in China: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of community health, 46(2), 286–291.
31. Haq, S. ul, Shahbaz, P., & Boz, I. (2020). Knowledge, behavior and precautionary measures related to COVID-19 pandemic among the general public of Punjab province, Pakistan. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 14(08), 823-835.
32. Wibisono, Muhammad Y., Truna, Dody S., & Rahman, Mohammad T.. (2021). Turning religion from cause to reducer of panic during the COVID-19 pandemic. HTS Theological Studies, 77(4), 1-8.