Evaluation of the working posture and upper extremity musculoskeletal complaints among dentistry students

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 70 - 79, 01.04.2022

Nurcan Altaş Zeynep Çukurova Erdem Veli Uzun

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.940423

Cited By: 1

Öz

Objective: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dentists is high and adversely affects the quality of life. In this study, we aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal complaints, working postures, and the risk of MSDs among dentistry students across different departments. Methods: 180 dentistry students were divided into six groups according to their departments. For evaluation of the musculoskeletal complaints, we used the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire. The working postures and the potentiality of MSDs were evaluated using the ‘Rapid Upper Limb Assessment’ (RULA). Results: We found that 92.8% of the students had musculoskeletal pain during the last 12 months, and the highest prevalence of symptoms was reported for the neck (68.3%) and the upper back (62.2%). The mean RULA score of the students was 5.02 ± 1.31, indicating a high risk of MSDs. The highest RULA mean score was in the pedodontics group. Conclusion: Our study found a high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and high RULA scores among all the dentistry students. Therefore, ergonomic solutions should be developed to regulate their working postures according to the relevant department to prevent future disorders and if necessary, students should encourage to seek professional medical help.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dental Students, ergonomics, musculoskeletal pain, RULA

Diş hekimliği öğrencilerinde çalışma postürlerinin ve üst ekstremite kas iskelet sistemi şikayetlerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Diş hekimleri arasında kas-iskelet sistemi (KIS) rahatsızlıklarının görülme sıklığı yüksektir ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı branşlarda çalışan diş hekimliği öğrencilerinde KIS ile ilgili şikayetleri, öğrencilerin çalışma postürlerini ve KIS rahatsızlıklarının gelişme riskini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: 180 diş hekimliği öğrencisi bölümlerine göre altı gruba ayrıldı. Kas-iskelet sistemi şikayetlerinin değerlendirilmesi için, standardize edilmiş İskandinav kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıkları anketi kullanıldı. Çalışma duruşları ve KIS rahatsızlıklarının gelişim potansiyeli “Hızlı Üst Ekstremite Değerlendirmesi” (RULA) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin 92.8%’i son 12 ay içinde kas-iskelet sistemi ağrısı yaşamıştır ve en fazla semptom boyunda (68.3%) ve üst sırtta (62.2%) bildirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin ortalama RULA skoru 5.02 ± 1.31 olup KİS hastalıkları için ‘yüksek risk’ olarak kategorize edilmişti. En yüksek RULA skor ortalaması pedodonti bölümünde bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışmamız, öğrencilerde yüksek oranda KIS şikayetleri ve yüksek RULA skorları bulmuştur. Bu nedenle ileride oluşabilecek rahatsızlıkları önlemek için çalışma duruşlarını ilgili bölüme göre düzenleyecek ergonomik çözümler geliştirilmeli ve gerekirse öğrenciler profesyonel tıbbi yardım almaya teşvik edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diş hekimliği öğrencileri, ergonomi, kas-iskelet ağrısı, RULA

Kaynakça

• The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). How to prevent musculoskeletal disorders [Internet]. Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 2012. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-120/pdfs/ 2012-120.pdf.
• Botta AC, Presoto CD, Wajngarten D, Campos JADB, Garcia PPNS. Perception of dental students on risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. Eur J Dent Educ 2018;22:209-214.
• Westley H. An overwiew of saddle seats and their benefits in dentistry. Den Nurs 2013;9:584-587.
• Pynt J, Higgs J, Mackey M. Seeking the optimal posture of the seated lumbar spine. Physiother Theor Pract 2001;17:5–21. 17.
• O Haddad, MA Sanjari, A Amirfazli, R Narimani, M Parnianpour. Trapezius muscle activity in using ordinary and ergonomically designed dentistry chairs. Int J Occup Environ Med. Int J Occup Environ Med, 2012; 3 (2 April).
• Park HS, Kim J, Roh HL, Namkoong S. Analysis of the risk factors of musculoskeletal disease among dentists induced by work posture. J. Phys Ther Sci 2015;27: 3651–3654.
• Jahanimoghadam F, Horri A, Hasheminejad N, Nejad NH, Baneshi MR. Ergonomic Evaluation of Dental Professionals as Determined by Rapid Entire Body Assessment Method in 2014. J Dent (Shiraz) 2018;19:155–158.
• Rafeemanesh E, Jafari Z, Kashani FO, Rahimpour F. A study on job postures and musculoskeletal illnesses in dentists. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2013;26:615-20.
• Shirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Alizade AK, Mohammadi M. Evaluation of ergonomic factors and postures that cause muscle pains in dentistry students’ bodies J Clin Exp Dent 2015;7:e414-8.
• Brown J, Burke FJT, Macdonald EB, Gilmour H, Hill KB, Morris AJ, White DA, Muirhead EK, Murray K. Dental practitioners and ill health retirement: causes, outcomes and re-employment. Br Dent J 2010 Sep 11;209:E7.
• Kanaparthi A, Kanaparthi R, Boreak N. Postural awareness among dental students in Jizan, Saudi Arabia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(2):107-111.
• Diaz-Caballero AJ, Gómez-Palencia IP, Díaz-Cárdenas S. Ergonomic factors that cause the presence of pain muscle in students of dentistry. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010;15: e906-11.
• Pargali N, Jowkar N. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain among Dentists in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Int J Occup Environ Med 2010;1:69-74.
• Rafie F, Zamani Jam A, Shahravan A, Raoof M, Eskandarizadeh A. Prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in dentists: symptoms and risk factors. J Environ Public Health 2015:517346.
• Varmazyar S, Amini M, Kiafar M. Ergonomic evaluation of work conditions in Qazvin Dentists by REBA method and its association with musculoskeletal disorders in 2008. The Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran 2012;24:229–237.
• Aghahi RH, Darabi R, Hashemipour MA. Neck, back, and shoulder pains and ergonomic factors among dental students. J Educ Health Promot 2018; 7: 40.
• Hosseini A, Choobineh A, Razeghi M, Pakshir HR, Ghaem H, Vojud M. Ergonomic Assessment of Exposure to Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Factors among Dentists of Shiraz, Iran. J Dent (Shiraz) 2019;20:53-60.
• Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sørensen F, Andersson G, Jørgensen K. Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon 1987;18:233-7.
• Kahraman T, Genç A, Göz E. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties. Disabil Rehabil 2016;38:2153-60.
• McAtamney L, Nigel Corlett E. RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Appl Ergon 1993;24:91-9.
• Plessas A, Bernardes Delgado M. The role of ergonomic saddle seats and magnification loupes in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2018;16:430-440.
• Dockrell S, O’Grady E, Bennett K, Mullarkey C, Mc Connell R, Ruddy R, Twomey S, Flannery C. An investigation of the reliability of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) as a method of assessment of children’s computing posture. Appl Ergon 2012 ;43:632-6.
• Öztü rk N, Esin MN. Ergonomik riskleri belirleme: Ç alışanın Ü st Ekstremitelerini Değerlendirme Formu’nun tanıtımı. Mesleki Sağlık ve Gü venlik Dergisi 2007; 2: 31–37.
• Yamalik N. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and dental practice Part 2. Risk factors for dentistry, magnitude of the problem, prevention, and dental ergonomics. Int Dent J 2007;57:45-54.
• Valachi B, Valachi K. Preventing musculoskeletal disorders in clinical dentistry: strategies to address the mechanisms leading to musculoskeletal disorders. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 1604-1612.
• Finsen L. Biomechanical aspects of occupational neck postures during dental work. Int J Ind Ergon 1999; 23:397–406.
• Pourabbas R, Shakouri SK, Hajidizaji R. Prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists in Tabriz. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci 2004; 38: 34–39.
• Gandavadi A, Ramsay JR, Burke FJ. Assessment of dental student posture in two seating conditions using RULA methodology - a pilot study. Br Dent J 2007;203:601–605.
• Katz JN, Amick BC, Carroll BB, Hollis C, Fossel AH, Coley CM. Prevalence of upper extremities musculoskeletal disorders in college students. Am J Med 2000;109:586–588.
• Lindfors P, von Thiele U, Lundberg U. Work characteristics and upper extremity disorders in female dental health workers. J Occup Health 2006; 48:192– 197.
• Pejcic N, Petrovic V, Markovic D, Milicic B, Dimitrijevic II, Perunovic N, Cakic S. Assessment of risk factors and preventive measures and their relations to work-related musculoskeletal pain among dentists. Work 2017;57:573-593.
• Bylund SH, Ahlgren C. Experiences and consequences for women with hand-arm vibration injuries. Work 2010;35:431-9.
• Yaghobee S, Esmaeili V. Evaluation of the effect of the ergonomic principles’ instructions on the dental students’ postures; an ergonomic assessment. J Tehran Med Univ 2010;63:121–7.
• Woolf AD, Zeidler H, Haglund U, Carr AJ, Chaussade S, Cucinotta D, Veale DJ, Martin-Mola E. Musculoskeletal pain in Europe: its impact and a comparison of population and medical perceptions of treatment in eight European countries. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63(4):342-347.